Integrated optical input grating couplers as chemo- and immunosensors

Nellen, Philipp M.; Lukosz, W.

doi:10.1016/0925-4005(90)80280-d

Cited by 54 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Due to the applied manufacturing technology, planar sensor structures are relatively easy to optimize. There are two main physical effects used in planar evanescent field chemical and biochemical sensors, the change of refractive index of waveguide cover in the sensor structure and the change of sensitive film thickness [3][4][5]. Such phenomena bring about the change of effective refractive indexes of the modes propagating in the structure, which can be measured with the use of interferometers or grating couplers [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor properties of planar waveguide structures with grating couplers

Karasiński

2007

Opto-Electronics Review

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The paper presents the results of theoretical analysis as well as the results of experimental research involving planar sensor structures with input grating couplers of the period Λ = 800 nm. In the theoretical part of the paper we discussed the influence of the parameters of a sensor structure on it sensitivities. The experimental part of the work presents the results of experimental research involving the influence of refractive index of the cover on the coupling characteristics of sensor structures with grating couplers. The full widths at half maximum (FWHM) were from 0.023° to 0.029°. For the investigated structures we estimated detection thresholds for the changes of refractive index of the cover and the changes of sensitive film thickness. It has been demonstrated that by the application of the elaborated structures we can detect minimal changes of the refractive index (Δnc)min = 2.1×10−6 when the refractive index of the cover nc = 1.333 and (Δnc)min = 1.0×10−6 when nc = 1515. For sensitive films of the thickness w < 100 nm, by using the elaborated structures, we can detect mean changes of the thickness along the values lower than 10−3 nm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor properties of planar waveguide structures with grating couplers

Karasiński

2007

Opto-Electronics Review

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“…We suppose that the scattering of our data might be linked to this drift and to the observed variation in chip quality. Nellen and Lukosz (1993) have proposed an improved procedure for manufacturing more reproducible sensor chips with reduced waveguide drift, but the development of improved waveguides was beyond the scope of this work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalent attachment of functionalized lipid bilayers to planar waveguides for measuring protein binding to biomimetic membranes

et al. 1995

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A new method is presented for measuring sensitively the interactions between ligands and their membrane-bound receptors in situ using integrated optics, thus avoiding the need for additional labels. Phospholipid bilayers were attached covalently to waveguides by a novel protocol, which can in principle be used with any glass-like surface.In a first step, phospholipids carrying head-group thiols were covalently immobilized onto Si02-Ti02 waveguide surfaces. This was accomplished by acylation of aminated waveguides with the heterobifunctional crosslinker N-succinimidyl-3-maleimidopropionate, followed by the formation of thioethers between the surface-grafted maleimides and the synthetic thiolipids. The surface-attached thiolipids served as hydrophobic templates and anchors for the deposition of a complete lipid bilayer either by fusion of lipid vesicles or by lipid self-assembly from mixed lipid/detergent micelles. The step-by-step lipid bilayer formation on the waveguide surface was monitored in situ by an integrated optics technique, allowing the simultaneous determination of optical thickness and one of the two refractive indices of the adsorbed organic layers. Surface coverages of 50-60% were calculated for thiolipid layers. Subsequent deposition of POPC resulted in an overall lipid layer thickness of 45-50 A , which corresponds to the thickness of a fluid bilayer membrane.Specific recognition reactions occurring at cell membrane surfaces were modeled by the incorporation of lipidanchored receptor molecules into the supported bilayer membranes. (1) The outer POPC layer was doped with biotinylated phosphatidylethanolamine. Subsequent specific binding of streptavidin was optically monitored. (2) A lipopeptide was incorporated in the outer POPC monolayer. Membrane binding of monoclonal antibodies, which were directed against the peptide moiety of the lipopeptide, was optically detected. The specific antibody binding correlated well with the lipopeptide concentration in the outer monolayer.

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“…Due to the applied manufacturing technology, planar sensor structures are relatively easy to optimise. The main physical effects used in planar evanescent wave chemical and biochemical sensors are as follows: the change of re− fractive index of waveguide cover in the sensor structure and the change of sensitive film thickness [1][2][3]. The said effects bring about the change of effective refractive in− dexes of modes propagating in the structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The said effects bring about the change of effective refractive in− dexes of modes propagating in the structure. The changes of effective refractive indexes can be measured by the applica− tion of the interferometers of Mach−Zehnder [4,5], Young [6,7] and with a polarimeter [1,[8][9][10] or grating couplers [3,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In chemical and biochemical measurements, surface plasmon resonance sensors are also applied [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embossable grating couplers for planar evanescent wave sensors

Karasiński

2011

Opto-Electronics Review

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The paper presents input grating couplers to be applied in planar evanescent wave sensors. Waveguide films SiO2:TiO2 were obtained using the sol-gel method, and grating couplers with a groove density of 1000 g/mm and 2400 g/mm were produced using the method of master grating embossing in sol film. The influence of refractive index of the cover on incoupling angles was presented. Basing on the experimental results, detection limits involving the changes of effective indexes and refractive indexes of the cover for the investigated planar structures were determined. Sensor structures with the couplers having a groove density of 1000 g/mm enable to detect minimum changes of the effective index below 3.3×10−7 and to detect minimum changes of refractive index of the cover below 2.3×10−6. Detection limits for the structures with couplers having the groove density of 2400 g/mm are over twofold higher.

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Integrated optical input grating couplers as chemo- and immunosensors

Cited by 54 publications

References 3 publications

Sensor properties of planar waveguide structures with grating couplers

Sensor properties of planar waveguide structures with grating couplers

Covalent attachment of functionalized lipid bilayers to planar waveguides for measuring protein binding to biomimetic membranes

Embossable grating couplers for planar evanescent wave sensors

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