Integrated multivariate analysis of selected soil microbial properties and their relationships with mineral fertilization management in a conservation agriculture system
Abstract:The effect of mineral fertilizer application on soil microbial community was investigated in a conservation agriculture system. The aim of this work was to evaluate how mineral fertilization with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and micronutrients (M) affects microbial community structure and function. A 10-year experiment, conducted on a typic Hapludoll using six mineral fertilizer treatments (control, CK; PS; NS; NP; NPS; and NPSM) was evaluated in central Argentina. Microbial community structure an… Show more
“…The soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities show significant increases under the application of pig manure compared with chemical fertilizers (Lalande et al, 2000;Rochette et al, 2000;Peacock et al, 2001). The soil microbial properties are more sensitive and can rapidly respond to changes in the soil conditions and environmental disturbances compared with the chemical or physical properties, as key participators in the soil biochemical properties and ecosystem function (Joergensen and Emmerling, 2006;Verdenelli et al, 2013). To a greater extent, potentially important impacts may be observed in the microbial properties before they were reflected in other soil properties (Larkin et al, 2006), which are considered potentially sensitive, early and effective indicators of changes in the soil quality (Clemente et al, 2007).…”
In this study, a two-year pot experiment with a peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) rotation system was conducted to investigate changes in soil chemical properties and microbial characteristics and to determine the internal relationship of these variables after pig manure application. The selected soil types include Agri-Udic Ferrosols, Ali-Udic Argosols and Ali-Udic Cambisols, which are widely distributed throughout subtropical China. The annual pig manure application amounts were 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 kg P ha .89-0.97, P<0.01) were positively and linearly correlated with the microbial biomass carbon/nitrogen in the three soils. The relationship between the functional diversity of the microbial community and the available phosphorus was parabolic. According to the most pronounced changes (i.e., the highest values), we deduced that the rational application rate of pig manure should be 100-200 kg P ha -1 in the three soils, which was verified by a lack of significant increase in peanut pod yield when the deduced fertilizer level was exceeded. In brief, our results indicated that excessive accumulation of soil available phosphorus under pig manure application reduced microbial community function, implying that the excessive application of pig manure could reduce soil quality.
“…The soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities show significant increases under the application of pig manure compared with chemical fertilizers (Lalande et al, 2000;Rochette et al, 2000;Peacock et al, 2001). The soil microbial properties are more sensitive and can rapidly respond to changes in the soil conditions and environmental disturbances compared with the chemical or physical properties, as key participators in the soil biochemical properties and ecosystem function (Joergensen and Emmerling, 2006;Verdenelli et al, 2013). To a greater extent, potentially important impacts may be observed in the microbial properties before they were reflected in other soil properties (Larkin et al, 2006), which are considered potentially sensitive, early and effective indicators of changes in the soil quality (Clemente et al, 2007).…”
In this study, a two-year pot experiment with a peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) rotation system was conducted to investigate changes in soil chemical properties and microbial characteristics and to determine the internal relationship of these variables after pig manure application. The selected soil types include Agri-Udic Ferrosols, Ali-Udic Argosols and Ali-Udic Cambisols, which are widely distributed throughout subtropical China. The annual pig manure application amounts were 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 kg P ha .89-0.97, P<0.01) were positively and linearly correlated with the microbial biomass carbon/nitrogen in the three soils. The relationship between the functional diversity of the microbial community and the available phosphorus was parabolic. According to the most pronounced changes (i.e., the highest values), we deduced that the rational application rate of pig manure should be 100-200 kg P ha -1 in the three soils, which was verified by a lack of significant increase in peanut pod yield when the deduced fertilizer level was exceeded. In brief, our results indicated that excessive accumulation of soil available phosphorus under pig manure application reduced microbial community function, implying that the excessive application of pig manure could reduce soil quality.
Fertiliser application can not only influence plant communities, but also the soil microbial community dynamics, and consequently soil quality. Specifically, mineral fertilisation can directly or indirectly affect soil chemical properties, microbial abundance and, the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities. We investigated the impact of six different mineral fertiliser regimes in a maize/soybean rotation system: control (CK, without fertilisation), PS (application of phosphorus plus sulphur), NS (application of nitrogen plus S), NP (application of N plus P), NPS (application of N, P plus S) and NPSm (application of N, P, S plus micronutrients). Soil samples were collected at the physiological maturity stage of maize and soybean in March of 2013 and 2014, respectively. Overall, mineral fertilisation resulted in significantly decreased soil pH and increased total organic carbon compared with the control (CK). The analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) revealed that mineral fertilisers caused a shift in the composition of both bacterial and fungal communities. In 2013, the highest value of Shannon diversity of bacterial terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) was found in control soils. In 2014, NPSm treated soils showed the lowest values of diversity for both bacterial and fungal TRFs. In both crop growing seasons, the analysis of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) detected the lowest value of total microbial biomass under CK. As PLFA analysis can be used to evaluate total microbial community, this result suggests that fertilisation increased total microbial biomass. When the bacterial and fungal abundance were examined using real time polymerase chain reaction, the results revealed that mineral fertilisation led to decreased bacterial abundance (16S rRNA), while fungal abundance (18S rRNA) was found to be increased in both crop growing seasons. Our results show that mineral fertiliser application has a significant impact on soil properties, bacterial and fungal abundance and microbial diversity. However, further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms involved in the changes to microbial communities as a consequence of mineral fertilisation.
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