Integrated multicomponent solute geothermometry

Spycher, Nicolas; Peiffer, Loïc; Sonnenthal, Eric; Saldi, Giuseppe D.; Reed, Mark H.; Kennedy, B. Mack

doi:10.1016/j.geothermics.2013.10.012

Cited by 117 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This study applies an approach similar to the original method suggested by Reed and Spycher (1984) and revisited by Spycher et al (2014), Peiffer et al (2014) and Palmer et al (2014). Equilibration temperatures are calculated for feldspars (K-feldspars and albite), SiO 2 polymorphs (quartz or chalcedony), phyllosilicates (muscovite, paragonite, biotites, kaolinite), zeolites and epidotes based on concentrations of major constituents Na, K, Ca, Si, Al, Fe, Cl, alkalinity and sulfate.…”

Section: Multicomponent Geothermometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This enables the calculation of a mean in situ temperature from the bandwidth of obtained equilibration temperatures and gives insight on the uncertainty of this estimation (maximum spread of temperatures). From that point of view, multicomponent geothermometry can be considered as a statistical approach to predict reservoir temperatures and therefore it might be more applicable for the evaluation of systems with unknown mineralogy, which is often the case especially in early stages of geothermal exploration campaigns.This study applies an approach similar to the original method suggested by Reed and Spycher (1984) and revisited by Spycher et al (2014 and Palmer et al (2014). Equilibration temperatures are calculated for feldspars (K-feldspars and albite), SiO 2 polymorphs (quartz or chalcedony), phyllosilicates (muscovite, paragonite, biotites, kaolinite), zeolites and epidotes based on concentrations of major constituents Na, K, Ca, Si, Al, Fe, Cl, alkalinity and sulfate.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Assessment of performance and parameter sensitivity of multicomponent geothermometry applied to a medium enthalpy geothermal system

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe estimation of reservoir temperatures is a major goal in geothermal exploration. The in situ temperature is a key parameter for the assessment of geothermal potentials and the economic efficiency of prospected reservoirs. Deducing these temperatures from the chemical composition of geothermal fluids emerging at the earth's surface is a commonly used and relatively cost-effective method. Over more than five decades a large number of solute geothermometers have been established and constantly improved [e.g., Fournier and Rowe (1966), Giggenbach (1988), Can (2002), Sanjuan et al. (2014)]. Many of these interrelations, linking the concentration of one constituent or the ratios AbstractThe determination of reservoir temperatures represents a major task when exploring geothermal systems. Since the uncertainties of classical solute geothermometry are still preventing reliable reservoir temperature estimations, we assess the performance of classical geothermometers and multicomponent geothermometry by applying them to fluids composed from long-term batch-type equilibration experiments and to fluids from natural geothermal springs in the Villarrica area, Southern Chile. The experiments, weathering two reservoir rock analogues from the Villarrica area, highlight a strong impact of reservoir rock composition on the fluid chemistry and, consequently, on calculated in situ temperatures. Especially temperatures calculated from classical solute geothermometry are strongly affected. Multicomponent geothermometry is obviously more robust and independent from rock composition leading to significantly smaller temperature spreads. In a sensitivity analysis, the dilution of geothermal fluid with surficial water, the pH and the aluminum concentration are anticipated to be the factors causing underestimations of reservoir temperatures. We quantify these parameters and correct the results to obtain realistic in situ conditions. Thus, enabling the application of the method also on basis of standard fluid analysis, our approach represents an easyto-use modification of the original multicomponent geothermometry leading to very plausible subsurface temperatures with significantly low scattering. Keywords: Multicomponent geothermometry, Classical solute geothermometers, Laboratory alteration experiments, Villarrica geothermal systemOpen Access © The Author(s) 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Nitschke et al. Geotherm Energy (2017) Nitschke et al. Geotherm Energy (2017) 5:12 of cations (SiO 2 , Na/K, K/Mg, Na/K/Ca) to the in situ temperature, are based on rather well known water-rock interaction processes (silica solubility, cation exchange in the feldspar syste...

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Section: Multicomponent Geothermometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of performance and parameter sensitivity of multicomponent geothermometry applied to a medium enthalpy geothermal system

et al. 2017

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“…The application of multicomponent chemical equilibria calculations can be used to validate the varied estimated temperature results from different geothermometers [64][65][66][67]. Several additional processes (including mineral reequilibrium and mixing with cold water during upward flow) can also be ascertained by this approach [68].…”

Section: Geothermometrical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Geothermometry Applications of Thermal Waters in Coastal Xinzhou and Shenzao Geothermal Fields, Guangdong, China

Wang

2018

Geofluids

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Two separate groups of geothermal waters have been identified in the coastal region of Guangdong, China. One is Xinzhou thermal water of regional groundwater flow system in a granite batholith and the other is thermal water derived from shallow coastal aquifers in Shenzao geothermal field, characterized by high salinity. The hydrochemical characteristics of the thermal waters were examined and characterized as Na-Cl and Ca-Na-Cl types, which are very similar to that of seawater. The hydrochemical evolution is revealed by analyzing the correlations of components versus Cl and their relative changes for different water samples, reflecting different extents of water-rock interactions and clear mixing trends with seawaters. Nevertheless, isotopic data indicate that thermal waters are all of the meteoric origins. Isotopic data also allowed determination of different recharge elevations and presentation of different mixing proportions of seawater with thermal waters. The reservoir temperatures were estimated by chemical geothermometries and validated by fluid-mineral equilibrium calculations. The most reliable estimates of reservoir temperature lie in the range of 148-162 ∘ C for Xinzhou and the range of 135-144 ∘ C for Shenzao thermal waters, based on the retrograde and prograde solubilities of anhydrite and chalcedony. Finally, a schematic cross-sectional fault-hydrology conceptual model was proposed.

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“…Silica geothermometers, cation geothermometers, multimineral equilibrium geothermometers, etc., are widely used to estimate the temperatures of thermal reservoirs related to thermal springs [35][36][37]. The reservoir temperatures of the Arxan thermal springs were calculated by using Na-K, K-Mg, Chalcedony and Quartz geothermometers (Table 3).…”

Section: Hydrogeochemical Thermometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemistry and Genesis Analysis of Thermal and Mineral Springs in Arxan, Northeastern China

Zhang

Cui

et al. 2017

Water

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Abstract:In this work, the hydrogeochemistry and environmental isotopic compositions of thermal and mineral springs in Arxan, northeastern China, were used to assess the genesis of the thermal system hosted by deep-seated faults. The reservoir temperature was calculated using the mineral saturation index and geothermometers. According to isotopic analysis, the spring water was of meteoric origin. Sixteen springs in the Arxan geothermal system with outlet temperatures ranging from 10.9 to 41.0 • C were investigated. The water samples can be classified into four groups by using a Piper diagram. The aquifer in which the Group I and Group III samples were obtained was a shallow cold aquifer of the Jurassic system, which is related to the local groundwater system and contains HCO 3 -Ca·Na groundwater. The Group II and Group IV samples were recharged by deeply circulating meteoric water with HCO 3 -Na and HCO 3 ·SO 4 -Na·Ca groundwater, respectively. The springs rise from the deep basement faults. The estimated thermal reservoir temperature is 50.9-68.8 • C, and the proportion of shallow cold water ranges from 54% to 87%. A conceptual flow model based on hydrogeochemical results and hydrogeological features is given to describe the geothermal system of the Arxan springs.

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Integrated multicomponent solute geothermometry

Cited by 117 publications

References 25 publications

Assessment of performance and parameter sensitivity of multicomponent geothermometry applied to a medium enthalpy geothermal system

Assessment of performance and parameter sensitivity of multicomponent geothermometry applied to a medium enthalpy geothermal system

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Geothermometry Applications of Thermal Waters in Coastal Xinzhou and Shenzao Geothermal Fields, Guangdong, China

Hydrogeochemistry and Genesis Analysis of Thermal and Mineral Springs in Arxan, Northeastern China

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