Integrated multichannel OADMs using polymer Bragg grating MZIs

Integrated Photonic Devices Incorporating Low-Loss Fluorinated Polymer Materials

“…A 10 nm tuning range was demonstrated as an initial experimental result. A tunable Bragg reflector was also demonstrated based on photo-chemical refractive index change induced by UV exposure [29]. In this way, the uniformity of grating was further enhanced so as to provide band rejection efficiency over 50 dB.…”

Polymeric multi-channel bandpass filters in phase-shifted Bragg waveguide gratings by direct electron beam writing

“…Oh et al demonstrated wavelength filters based on uniform gratings in fluorinated polymer waveguides and successfully tuned them through the thermo-optic induced refractive index change [6,7]. Eldada et al wrote simple Bragg gratings in polymer waveguides to build multichannel optical add/drop multiplexers (OADM's) [8]. Wang reported the fabrication of a very narrow band phase-shifted Bragg grating filter, using a 457nm Ar + laser to post process the uniform waveguide gratings through the photobleaching effect [5].…”

“…Currently, polymeric Bragg grating filters are primarily fabricated by exposing the polymer with UV or visible light through a pre-designed phase mask [5][6][7][8]. Oh et al demonstrated wavelength filters based on uniform gratings in fluorinated polymer waveguides and successfully tuned them through the thermo-optic induced refractive index change [6,7].…”

Integration of a multimode interference coupler with a corrugated sidewall Bragg grating in planar polymer waveguides

“…The photolithography technique requires photosensitive polymer materials. The relative refractive index modulation induced by a photochemical process is normally limited to around [2]. Both plasma etching and direct electron beam writing can achieve a larger relative refractive index modulation of 0.001-0.1.…”

“…Polymer materials offer a very promising platform to fabricate integrated optical devices on a planar substrate, owing to the advantages of easy processing, mechanical flexibility, and potentially low production cost [1]. Polymer Bragg gratings have been fabricated by a variety of techniques such as photolithography (photochemical process) [2]- [4], oxygen plasma reactive ion etching (RIE) [5], [6], and direct electron beam writing [7], [8]. The photolithography technique requires photosensitive polymer materials.…”