Integrated modeling, surface, electrochemical, and biocidal investigations of novel benzothiazoles as corrosion inhibitors for shale formation well stimulation

Carbonate Stimulation Using Chelating Agents: Improving the Treatment Performance by Optimizing the Fluid Properties

“…Usually strong acids such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) are used to stimulate the carbonate reservoirs. − HCl and HF have very strong reactivity, which can lead to high acidizing performance by creating wormholes in the wellbore-neighboring region . However, HCl and HF are corrosive fluids; hence, corrosion inhibitors are injected during the carbonate stimulation treatment. , Although corrosion inhibitors are used, tubular corrosion cannot be avoided with such strong acids. Also, conventional acids such as hydrochloric and organic acids can only be used with freshwater because they are incompatible with seawater. , Given this, the freshwater transportation will increase the treatment cost, especially for offshore operations where the acidizing treatment cost could be increased by more than $100,000 .…”

“…Strong acid-associated problems led to the investigation and use of weak organic acids as standalone stimulation fluids. − This investigation concluded that acetic, citric, formic, and lactic acids can be efficiently used as alternatives to strong acids for situations where they are not recommended to be used such as shallow wells and high-temperature wells . However, the laboratory studies on some of these organic acids showed that precipitation of calcium salts made a noticeable impact on the diffusion of stimulation fluids inside the carbonate rocks, and this impact is clear at high temperature conditions. ,, Also, organic acids have limited solubility in water and cannot be used at high concentrations to avoid precipitations and damage related to these acids. , It is well-known that chemical solubility is one of the main parameters that control the applicability of any acid system. Using an acid with low solubility for stimulating sandstone or carbonate reservoirs can result in negative impacts, and the reservoir productivity will be reduced due to the incompatibility and precipitation issues.…”

“…14 However, HCl and HF are corrosive fluids; hence, corrosion inhibitors are injected during the carbonate stimulation treatment. 12,15 Although corrosion inhibitors are used, tubular corrosion cannot be avoided with such strong acids. Also, conventional acids such as hydrochloric and organic acids can only be used with freshwater because they are incompatible with seawater.…”

“…25 However, the laboratory studies on some of these organic acids showed that precipitation of calcium salts made a noticeable impact on the diffusion of stimulation fluids inside the carbonate rocks, and this impact is clear at high temperature conditions. 12,14,15 Also, organic acids have limited solubility in water and cannot be used at high concentrations to avoid precipitations and damage related to these acids. 24,27 It is well-known that chemical solubility is one of the main parameters that control the applicability of any acid system.…”

The Role of Some Cationic Surfactants Based on Thiazine as Corrosion Inhibitors in Petroleum Applications: Experimental and Theoretical Approach

“…Because of the beneficial characteristics of these cationic surfactants, they have numerous applications in many sectors. It was reported that they are adsorbed on metal surfaces by both physical and chemical methods. − The novelty of the present work appears in using cationic surfactants containing a long chain and heteroatoms as nitrogen and sulfur, besides for the high solubility in oil wells’ formation water contaminated with H 2 S gas. The present work is aimed to prepare two novel cationic surfactants, DTB and HTB, and evaluate their performance as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in formation water under an H 2 S environment using different techniques.…”