Integrated modeling of active demand response with electric heating systems coupled to thermal energy storage systems

An integrated Building-to-Grid model for evaluation of energy arbitrage value of Thermal Storage

“…A comparison of heat storage technologies including heat accumulation tanks and passive heat storage coupled with heat pumps in terms of fuel cost savings and wind integration in the Danish system has been presented in [11]. Additionally, [12] explores the merits of using detailed integrated thermal demand and grid side models as compared to either simplified demand and/or supply side models. The authors develop an integrated model of a typical electric power system and thermal demand from buildings using heat pumps and auxiliary electric resistance heaters coupled with hot water tank as storage medium.…”

“…However, in comparison to [12], the novel contributions of this study are as follows: three different archetypes have been used; an annual systemwide analysis for the All Island Power System (AIPS) has been conducted to have a detailed evaluation of the annual energy arbitrage value of TES; instead of heat pumps, Smart Electric Thermal Storage (SETS) devices [13] have been used as the electricity-to-heat technology. SETS space heaters contain a highly insulated solid thermal energy storage core which enables the conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy stored in an efficient manner for use at a later time.…”

Ten questions concerning integrating smart buildings into the smart grid

“…However as shown by [19] and [20], these price profiles can potentially cause HVAC systems to show a significant (shifted) peak demand, even higher than the original peak demand, right before a price increase. Hence, the correct way of studying the aforementioned interaction is by evaluating and modelling the electricity grid and building systems simultaneously [21].…”

Assessing the Demand Side Management Potential and the Energy Flexibility of Heat Pumps in Buildings

“…However, in order to really understand how the flexibility can be exploited, it is necessary to model the dynamics of the overall power system with both the electricity demand side and production side. Only in this way is it possible to account for the interaction between the demand and the supply of electricity [65]. Such interaction is, for example, responsible for the payback load effect that could cause a new peak demand after a DR event or for the fact that the actual flexibility asked of every user is generally much lower than the total flexibility that the user could provide [47].…”