Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals variation in the metabolites and genes of <scp><i>Platycodon grandiflorus</i></scp> roots from different regions

Chang, An; Pei, Wei; Li, Siyu; Wang, Tianmin; Song, Hui‐Peng; Kang, Ting-Guo; Zhang, Hui

doi:10.1002/pca.3153

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…The comprehensive analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics has been widely applied to delineate the relationships between the dynamic changes of secondary metabolites and the differential expression of corresponding genes during the bioactive ingredients biosynthetic pathways in numerous medicinal plants, such as Panax notoginseng (Wei et al, 2018), Sapindus mukorossi (Xu et al, 2022), Platycodon grandiflorus (Chang et al, 2022), Dendrobium huoshanense (Yuan et al, 2022) and Carthamus tinctorius (Wang et al, 2021). The medicinal properties of C. asiatica are largely attributed to the centelloids that present predominantly in the leaves of C. asiatica (Sangwan et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis identifies candidate genes involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in leaves of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban

Wan,

Huang,

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Centella asiatica (L.) Urban is a well-known medicinal plant which has multiple pharmacological properties. Notably, the leaves of C. asiatica contain large amounts of triterpenoid saponins. However, there have only been a few studies systematically elucidating the metabolic dynamics and transcriptional differences regarding triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis during the leaf development stages of C. asiatica. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome to reveal the dynamic patterns of triterpenoid saponin accumulation and identified the key candidate genes associated with their biosynthesis in C. asiatica leaves. In this study, we found that the key precursors in the synthesis of terpenoids, including DMAPP, IPP and β-amyrin, as well as 22 triterpenes and eight triterpenoid saponins were considered as differentially accumulated metabolites. The concentrations of DMAPP, IPP and β-amyrin showed significant increases during the entire stage of leaf development. The levels of 12 triterpenes decreased only during the later stages of leaf development, but five triterpenoid saponins rapidly accumulated at the early stages, and later decreased to a constant level. Furthermore, 48 genes involved in the MVA, MEP and 2, 3-oxidosqualene biosynthetic pathways were selected following gene annotation. Then, 17 CYP450s and 26 UGTs, which are respectively responsible for backbone modifications, were used for phylogenetic-tree construction and time-specific expression analysis. From these data, by integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses, we identified CaHDR1 and CaIDI2 as the candidate genes associated with DMAPP and IPP synthesis, respectively, and CaβAS1 as the one regulating β-amyrin synthesis. Two genes from the CYP716 family were confirmed as CaCYP716A83 and CaCYP716C11. We also selected two UGT73 families as candidate genes, associated with glycosylation of the terpenoid backbone at C-3 in C. asiatica. These findings will pave the way for further research on the molecular mechanisms associated with triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in C. asiatica.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis identifies candidate genes involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in leaves of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban

Wan,

Huang,

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Bellflower is used in traditional medicines and food additives due to its therapeutic effects on bronchitis, sore throats, and asthma [ 1 ]. Bellflower root is an oriental herbal medicine used in East Asia, and the flowers are used for ornamental purposes in the USA and Europe [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. The applications of P. grandiflorum have increased in oriental medicine, food fields, herbal teas, ornamental flowers, and health products [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome-Scale Genome Assembly and Triterpenoid Saponin Biosynthesis in Korean Bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorum)

Lee

Choi²,

Kang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Platycodon grandiflorum belongs to the Campanulaceae family and is an important medicinal and food plant in East Asia. However, on the whole, the genome evolution of P. grandiflorum and the molecular basis of its major biochemical pathways are poorly understood. We reported a chromosome-scale genome assembly of P. grandiflorum based on a hybrid method using Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Illumina sequences, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) analysis. The assembled genome was finalized as 574 Mb, containing 41,355 protein-coding genes, and the genome completeness was assessed as 97.6% using a Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs analysis. The P. grandiflorum genome comprises nine pseudo-chromosomes with 56.9% repeat sequences, and the transcriptome analysis revealed an expansion of the 14 beta-amylin genes related to triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis. Our findings provide an understanding of P. grandiflorum genome evolution and enable genomic-assisted breeding for the mass production of important components such as triterpenoid saponins.

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Study on the Selection of Processing Process and Parameters of Platycodon grandiflorum Seeds Assisted by Machine Vision Technology

Cheng

et al. 2022

Agronomy

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Seed processing is an important means of improving seed quality. However, the traditional seed processing process and parameter adjustment are highly empirically dependent. In this study, machine vision technology was used to develop a seed processing method based on the rapid extraction of seeds’ material characteristics. Combined with the results of clarity analysis and the single seed germination test, the seed processing process and parameters were determined through data analysis. The results showed that several phenotypic features were significantly or highly significantly correlated with clarity, but fewer phenotypic features were correlated with viability. According to the probability density distribution of pure seeds and impurities in the features that were significantly correlated with seed clarity, the sorting parameters of length, width, R, G, and B were determined. When the combination of width (≥0.8 mm) + G (<75) was used for sorting, the recall of pure seeds was higher than 91%, and the precision was increased to 98.6%. Combined with the specific production reality, the preliminary determination of the Platycodon grandiflorum seed processing process was air separation—screen (round hole sieve)—color sorting. Then, four commercialized Platycodon grandiflorum seed lots were sorted by this process using corresponding parameters in the actual processing equipment. Subsequently, the seed clarity and germination percentage were significantly improved, and the seed quality qualification rate was increased from 25% to 75%. In summary, by using machine vision technology to quickly extract the material characteristics of the seeds, combined with correlation analysis, probability density distribution plots, single feature selection, and combination sorting comparisons, the appropriate processing process and corresponding sorting parameters for a specific seed lot can be determined, thus maximizing the seed quality.

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Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals variation in the metabolites and genes of Platycodon grandiflorus roots from different regions

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis identifies candidate genes involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in leaves of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban

Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis identifies candidate genes involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in leaves of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban

Chromosome-Scale Genome Assembly and Triterpenoid Saponin Biosynthesis in Korean Bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorum)

Study on the Selection of Processing Process and Parameters of Platycodon grandiflorum Seeds Assisted by Machine Vision Technology

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