Integrated Management of Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Potato Apical Leaf Curl Virus in India

Abstract

This paper reviews the importance of Potato apical leaf curl virus (PALCV) in India, the biology of its major vector Bemisia tabaci and possible control measures of PALCV and B. tabaci. PALCV has appeared as a new problem in potato growing areas of northwestern plains of India. The first report of PALCV was made from Hissar around 2000. PALCV is a whitefly (B. tabaci) transmitted viral disease and the symptoms are manifested primarily in the form of upward or downward curling of leaves, with 40-75% infection being recorded in cultivars grown in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. B. tabaci is a polyphagous pest that feeds on numerous fibre (particularly cotton), food, vegetable and ornamental plants. B. tabaci produces many generations in a year and reaches high population densities. To check the disease incidence, whitefly suppression using imidacloprid either as seed treatment or as foliar application early in the season is recommended. To minimize within-field spread of viruses, removal of virus-infected plants is suggested. Application of mineral and vegetable oils has been found to inhibit virus transmission and possibly can help to avoid difficulties with insecticide resistance in whiteflies.

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus: a widespread bipartite begomovirus in the territory of monopartite begomoviruses

“…2A,B; a comprehensive list of all the reported hosts of ToLCNDV in different countries is given in Table S1). In potato (Solanum tuberosum), ToLCNDV has been associated with potato apical leaf curl disease (Garg et al, 2001;Usharani et al, 2004) on commercial potato varieties in India (Chandel et al, 2010). In September 2012, ToLCNDV was identified, for the first time, in leaf curl disease-affected cucurbits in Murcia, Spain, with similar symptoms being observed in Almeria in May 2013 and throughout southern Spain by autumn 2013, where it was found infecting both glasshouse and open-field crops (L opez et al, 2015).…”

Effect of temperature and cropping sequence on the infestation pattern of Bemisia tabaci in potato

“…India is the 2 nd largest producer of potato in the world (FAOSTAT 2017) with more than 85% of India's potatoes grown in the vast Indo-Gangetic plains of north India (subtropics) during short winter days from October to March in contrast to typical potato growing areas with temperate climate (Khurana and Naik 2003). The cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), being a pest of tropical and subtropical areas is a major component of the potato seed production complex in India (Chandel et al 2010). Although it does not inflict any discernible direct damage to potato, it transmits the Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) leading to Potato apical leaf curl disease (Jeevalatha et al 2017) which is one of the most important diseases of potato in India now (Sridhar et al 2016, Bhatnagar et al 2017.…”

“…Therefore, in addition to temperature, cropping sequence also shapes the pattern of whitefly infestation in crops (Murugan and Uthamasamy 2001, Naranjo et al 2009. Quality seed potato production needs to contain the virus infection levels below critical thresholds (Chandel et al 2010); hence the efficient management of whitefly vector on potato is critically important. In the current study, the whitefly infestation pattern was evaluated with respect to ambient temperature and the nature of cropping sequence https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v89i11.95296 across the northern plains.…”

Pest categorisation of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus

“…In addition to tomato, this virus has been reported to be associated with the potato apical leaf curl disease characterised by a leaf crinkling, apical leaf curling and stunting accompanying by a conspicuous mosaic or chlorotic blotching of commercial potato varieties (Usharani et al, 2004). The disease can reach up to 100% infection, causing heavy yield losses by severely affecting tuber size in susceptible varieties (Chandel et al, 2010). ToLCNDV has also been associated along with several other monopartite begomoviruses, with cotton leaf curl disease, and proved to increase the pathogenicity of the causal complex of the disease consisting of the 'Burewala' strain of Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV-Bur) and its associated recombinant form of Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB) (Zaidi et al, 2016).…”