Integrated management of Phytophthora diseases on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L): Impact of plant breeding on pod rot incidence

Nyassé, Salomon; Efombagn, Mousseni Ives Bruno; Kébé, Boubacar Ismaël; Tahi, G.Mathias; Despréaux, Denis; Cilas, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2006.03.015

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…When families are examined one by one, it was observed that the KHA family presented the highest percentage of sensitive hybrid genotypes compared to AHK and AHK3. These results are in conformity with those obtained by Nyasse et al (2007) who reported that from the sensitivity of both parents (SNK13 and UPA143), SNK13 is moderately susceptible and UPA143 has a high susceptibility to P. megakarya. It follows that the cross of susceptible clones leads to a high proportion of susceptible individuals within the offspring.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Assessment of three cocoa hybrid families susceptibility and cysteine involvement in defense process against Phytophthora megakarya

Minyaka¹,

Claude²,

Cyrille³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Black pod disease (BPD) is the major cocoa pathology constraint caused by an Oomycete, Phytophthora megakarya prevailing in African cocoa producing countries. The development of T. cacao planting material tolerant to BPD lies on cross-pollination of adequate parental genotypes which generate offspring with desirable traits. We assessed the susceptibility to BPD of offspring derived from three manual crosses (SNK13xUPA143, T79/501xUPA143 and UPA143xSNK64) using leaf discs test (LDT) which evaluates disease scores of hybrid genotypes. Cysteine involvement in T. cacao defence process against BPD has been studied for the potential use of this sulphur amino acid profile to identify tolerant cocoa hybrid genotypes. LDT displayed variable disease scores patterns. Within a given family, LDT revealed heterogeneity in disease scores. This heterogeneity may have been derived from polygenic character of T. cacao susceptibility to BPD. In SNK13xUPA143 family, 26.13% exhibited disease scores lower than two (tolerant hybrid genotypes). T79/501xUPA143 and UPA143xSNK64 generated 21.18 and 26.46% of tolerant hybrid genotypes respectively. This variability between families may have resulted from deferential susceptibility of parental clones; UPA143 being more susceptible than T79/501 followed by SNK13. SNK64 was the less susceptible to BPD. The percentages of tolerant hybrid genotypes in this study appeared to be consistent hence, SNK13xUPA143, T79/501xUPA143 and UPA143xSNK64 could be used to produce hybrids genotypes tolerant to BPD. Cysteine analysis was performed in none detached healthy and wounded-infected leaves of hybrid genotypes with variable disease scores. It appeared that cysteine was mobilized during the infection. Two main patterns were observed: in tolerant hybrid genotypes (disease score lower than 2), infection was associated to a significant reduction of cysteine content in young leaves while in susceptible hybrid genotypes, infection was associated to an increase (accumulation) of cysteine in young leaves. Cysteine could be involved in the synthesis of effective defence molecules against P. megakarya in tolerant hybrid genotypes. This set of finding may indicate that cysteine profile could be used to discriminate tolerant from susceptible hybrid genotypes of T. cacao to P. megakarya.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…SNK13 and SNK64 belong to Trinitario group of cocoa. SNK13 is a moderately susceptible and productive clone while SNK64 is the most tolerant among the four clones but low yielding (Nyasse et al, 2007). Cross pollination between the above clones might generate offspring with interesting agronomic traits (resistance/tolerance to BPD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of three cocoa hybrid families susceptibility and cysteine involvement in defense process against Phytophthora megakarya

Minyaka¹,

Claude²,

Cyrille³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…However, application of fungicides can have drastic effects on the consumer and the environment (Naseby et al, 2000). A promising and safer method for controlling cocoa BPD has been the development of resistant cultivars and the use of appropriate cultural practices (Nyasse et al, 2007;Tchameni et al, 2011). However, disease resistant cultivars are not yet available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chitosan and snail shell powder on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) growth and resistance against black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya

Tayo¹,

Ewane²,

Effa³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Plant Sci.

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Chitosan and chitin sources have emerged as promising groups of biological substances that can induce plant growth and resistance to diseases. This study is aimed at investigating the potential effect of chitosan and snail shell to promote cocoa growth and induce resistance against Phytophthora megakarya. The results showed that treatment of cocoa seeds with chitosan at 1.5 to 2.0% and snail shell at 2.0% increases the percentage of germination and also reduces the time of germination. 12 weeks after planting, a series of morphological changes was observed on the plants treated with chitosan and snail shell. Plant height (34 to 39.5 cm), leaf number (11 to 13 leaves/plant), leaf area (88 to 130 cm 2 ) and fresh weight of roots and shoots (25 to 44 g/plant) increased significantly in the chitosan and snail shell treated soils. Pods inoculated with chitosan and/or snail shell treated soil suspensions presented very slight necrotic lesions. This could be linked to a decrease in the P. megakarya load of the soil suspension. Leaf inoculation showed variation among the treatments with the lowest index (highest level of resistance) recorded in plants treated either with chitosan or snail shell. The treatment of plants with chitosan and snail shell powder before and after inoculation showed higher level of phenolic compounds than in the control plants. Furthermore, the inoculation induced a significant accumulation of proteins in the cocoa plants treated with chitosan and snail shell. The level of proteins accumulation after inoculation was higher in plants treated with snail shell than those treated with chitosan. In conclusion, the effect of snail shell on cocoa growth and resistance showed that it is possible for snail shell powder to be a biofungicide and biofertilizer used in the control of cacao Black Pod Disease in nurseries.

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“…This practice, although widespread, has the disadvantage of increasing the production costs (Tan and Tan 1990), polluting the environment (Akinnifesi et al 2006) and being little effective in the field control of black pod if not applied properly (Nyassé et al 2006). A promising alternative of black pod control, similar to other cacao diseases (Faleiro et al 2004), is the use of resistant genotypes enriched with genes of morphological and agronomic traits of interest (Nyassé et al 2003, Pokou et al 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance gradient of black pod disease in cocoa and selection by leaf disk assay

Santos

Cerqueira-Silva

Clément

et al. 2011

Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol.

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Integrated management of Phytophthora diseases on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L): Impact of plant breeding on pod rot incidence

Cited by 41 publications

References 10 publications

Assessment of three cocoa hybrid families susceptibility and cysteine involvement in defense process against Phytophthora megakarya

Assessment of three cocoa hybrid families susceptibility and cysteine involvement in defense process against Phytophthora megakarya

Effects of chitosan and snail shell powder on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) growth and resistance against black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya

Resistance gradient of black pod disease in cocoa and selection by leaf disk assay

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