Integrated management of foliar diseases of groundnut(Arachis hypogaeaL.) in India

Abstract

Field experiments for the integrated management of early leaf spot (ELS) and late leaf spot (LLS) diseases of groundnut were conducted during 1988 to 1990 rainy seasons. All treatments had significantly lower disease severity of ELS and LLS than unsprayed sole crop. Corresponding to the significantly lower severity of both the diseases in various treatments, monetary returns were also significantly higher than that of unsprayed sole crop. The severity of both diseases was significantly different among treatments, between varieties, and due to their interactions. Almost the same trend was followed for monetary returns. The treatments, application of a mixture of fungicides (carbendazim 0.05% + mancozeb 0.2%) at 40, 55 and 70 d.a.s., groundnut intercropped with pigeonpea + two sprays of fungicides at 55 and 70 d.a.s., and groundnut intercropped with pigeonpea + one spray each of neem leaf extract, fungicides and cell-free culture filtrate of Penicillium islandicum at 40, 55 and 70 d.a.s., respectively were equally effective in controlling ELS and LLS. The latter two treatments, and groundnut intercropped with pigeonpea and sprayed separately with neem leaf extract and P. islandicum inoculum at 55 and 70 d.a.s., gave significantly higher net monetary returns (Rs. 9569-11561/ha) with cost-benefit ratios ranging from 1:2·99 to 1:3.63 for Girnar 1 and 1:2·67 to 1:3·48 for JL 24 cultiver.

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems

“…These can be transferred to plants through DNA recombinant technology to produce transgenic plants which will have natural protection against pathogens and this method is environmentally safe (Fujimoto, Weller, and Thomashow, 1995;Weller and Thomashow, 1999). Neem (Azadirachta indica), an Indian tree, possesses a number of active principles like azadirachtin with potential to kill pathogens (Ghewande, 1989). Its seed-cake, seed and fruit extract, seed kernel powder and seed oil have been reported to control a wide spectrum of fungal pathogens (Gunasekaran et al, 1986;Jeyarajan et al, 1987;Srivastava et al, 1997).…”

Impact of intercropping on epidemics of groundnut leaf spots: defining constraints and opportunities through a 7‐year field study

“…Groundnut (peanut; Arachis hypogea ) is a particularly appropriate crop to evaluate: it is a nitrogen‐fixing legume cultivated worldwide, it has a history of intercropping, and its pests and diseases are often difficult and expensive to manage (Kokalis‐Burelle, ). Nutrient enhancements (Xiong et al ., ), improvement in arthropod communities (Li et al ., ) and yield and economic advantages (Ghewande et al ., ; Ihejirika et al ., ; Singh et al ., ) have been demonstrated in groundnut mixtures. Farrell () observed a reduction in Groundnut rosette virus under intercropping with common bean, and Groundnut bud necrosis virus decreased in intercrops with maize, sorghum and millet, but not other legumes, in studies in India (Gururaj et al ., ; Gopal et al ., ).…”

Role of Meteorological Factors and Relative Impact of Rust Disease Management in Field Peas through Fungicides and Botanicals in Tarai Region of Indo-Gangetic Plains

“…Thus, steady increase in temperature especially night temperature and RH played a crucial role in disease incidence progression and its severity. These combinatorial study of environmental factors and comparative study could be incorporated and implemented into development of disease models used for crop management programmes (Ghewande et al, 1993) and efficient disease management (Rizvi et al, 1998;Sajid et al, 1995).…”