Integrated hydrological modeling of the North China Plain: Options for sustainable groundwater use in the alluvial plain of Mt. Taihang

Integrated hydrological modeling of the North China Plain and implications for sustainable water management

“…2a) is created from MODIS NDVI products from 2003. The classification is made from the seasonal variation in NDVI using the method proposed by Kang et al (2007) and Shu et al (2012). It is assumed that the generated land cover classification can represent the conditions throughout the whole simulation period.…”

“…(1): Table 3. Typical values for LAI, K c and root depth for different crops Kendy et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2004;Shu et al, 2012) and irrigation frequency and total irrigation water amount for these crops. where UDW(i, t), RDW(i, t) and IW(i, t) are the urban domestic, rural domestic and industrial water demand pumping rate for each well in the ith city, respectively; α UD and α I are the fractions of 5.3 mm yr −1 to the total urban domestic and industrial water demand, respectively.…”

“…Other sediment types, like silt loam is only found at few locations (Shu, 2010). The 2-layer water balance model for the unsaturated zone requires the following data of each soil type (Shu et al, 2012): water content at saturation (θ sat ), water content at field capacity (θ fc ), water content at wilting point (θ wp ) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K s ). The values of the three soil type parameters are listed in Table 4.…”

Nitrogen and phosphorus transformations and balance in a pond-ditch circulation system for rural polluted water treatment

“…For example, Doummar et al (2012) and Sahoo et al (2006) individually found that saturated flow plays the dominant role in karst regions (the Gallusquelle spring catchment, located in the Swabian Alps in Southern Germany) and volcanic geology regions (the combined Manoa-Palolo watershed, located between the Koolau Range and Mamala Bay, Hawaii), which were mainly affected by the horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivity of geological layers. Feyen et al (2000) also confirmed that saturated flow had a great influence on hydrological simulation results in the region of the Gete catchment located to the east of Brussels, Belgium, with its fine permeable loamy sand surface soil, while in the farm region of the North China Plain, the main influencing factor on groundwater in the short term was pumping irrigation (Shu et al, 2012).…”

“…Especially in regions with complex vertical geological layers, a good coupling of SZ and UZ makes it possible to simulate the complex surface and groundwater movement, greatly expanding its application to catchments types, such as the active groundwater catchments of deserts, wetlands, volcanic regions, and karst regions. Many such experiments have been carried out, e.g., simulation of longterm agricultural canal irrigation and pumping irrigation to predict runoff, groundwater table and subsurface drainage in the North China Plain (Shu et al, 2012); research on the influence of ditch systems on the wetland water table in the Elmley Marshes (Thompson et al, 2004); stream-flow simulation of a volcano watershed in Hawaii (Sahoo et al, 2006); Gallusquelle spring flow simulation of a karst region watershed in southwestern Germany (Doummar et al, 2012); groundwater recharge and flood simulation of desert and arid area catchment in the Tarim Basin (Liu et al, 2007); hydrological cycle simulation of the Tarim Basin (Huang et al, 2010).…”