Integrated hazard assessment of Cirenmaco glacial lake in Zhangzangbo valley, Central Himalayas

Wang, Weicai; Gao, Yang; Anacona, Pablo Iribarren; Lei, Yajie; Xiang, Yang; Zhang, Guoqing; Li, Shenghai; Lu, Aigang

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.08.013

Cited by 80 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…HEC‐RAS model is one of the most acknowledged hydraulic‐hydrodynamic models worldwide, developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) of United States Army Corps of Engineers. Despite the recent (official release in 2016) development of the 2D HEC‐RAS model, it is already used in many hydraulic‐hydrodynamic modelling applications (Afshari et al, ; Papaioannou et al, ; Patel, Ramirez, Srivastava, Bray, & Han, ; Vozinaki et al, ; Wang et al, ). Furthermore, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers conducted a benchmark analysis and examined the capabilities of the HEC‐RAS 2D modelling.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of habitat hydraulic model outputs to DTM and computational mesh resolution

Papaioannou

Papadaki

2019

Ecohydrology

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In this study, a state‐of‐the‐art approach in modelling fish habitats, using high‐resolution topographical data, obtained from unmanned aerial vehicle, was applied. Habitat Suitability Indices are used to predict how changes in discharge affect instream fish habitats. Habitat Suitability Indices regarding depth and velocity for two size classes (small sized fish 5–15 cm total length and large sized >15 cm total length) of Salmo pelagonicus and Barbus balcanicus were used, in combination with a two‐dimensional hydraulic‐hydrodynamic model, for the estimation of the weighted usable area (WUA) in a mountainous stream. Computational mesh and/or digital terrain model (DTM) resolution selection may influence the accuracy of WUA results, especially in boulder and cobble‐bed streams with complex habitat structures. The aim of the study is to examine the sensitivity of various hydraulic‐hydrodynamic modelling geometry configurations on WUA at ungauged or poorly gauged streams. Comparisons of three different geometry configurations: (1) identical computational mesh and DTM resolution (SensComb); (2) finest computational mesh resolution combined with different DTM resolutions (SensDTM); (3) finest DTM resolution combined with different computational mesh resolutions, as part of two‐dimensional hydrodynamic modelling, were applied to test the differences in WUA (SensMesh). WUA maps were generated for both fish species and class sizes for each modelling geometry configuration and compared with each other for assessing the sensitivity of the two‐input data (computational mesh and DTM). Results provided by both indices and their spatial distribution indicated the optimal DTM and computational mesh resolution as well as the sensitivity of a specific hydraulic‐habitat model on them.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of habitat hydraulic model outputs to DTM and computational mesh resolution

Papaioannou

Papadaki

2019

Ecohydrology

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“…Outburst flood simulation can be a cost-effective tool for hazard assessment and mitigation planning in mountainous terrain (e.g., Allen et al, 2016;Bajracharya et al, 2007;Frey et al, 2018;Kougkoulos et al, 2018;Schneider et al, 2014;Shrestha et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2018). However, most such modeling has been limited to relatively small events (but c.f., Risley et al, 2006).…”

Section: 1029/2018jf004778mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geomorphic Impact of Outburst Floods: Integrating Observations and Numerical Simulations of the 2000 Yigong Flood, Eastern Himalaya

2019

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Outburst floods in mountainous landscapes traverse complex topography and interact with the channel and valley walls, producing intense flow hydraulics that drive geomorphic change and impact people and infrastructure. Evidence of modern and ancient outburst floods is scattered around the eastern Himalaya, but hydraulics related to these geomorphic features are uncharacterized, limiting our understanding of the role of large floods in long‐term evolution of the region. Here we combine remote and field observations of the 2000 Yigong River landslide‐dam outburst flood with 2‐D numerical flood simulations using the software GeoClaw. Modeling results agree with field evidence to the extent that we judge the simulated hydraulics to be relevant to flood hazard and geomorphic investigations. Results show that the hydraulics of outburst floods through rugged topography differ from those expected for nonflood flows, in magnitude and in the spatial patterns of flow speed, direction, and shear stress. The flood produced sustained high bed shear stresses capable of plucking meter‐scale blocks immediately downstream of breach, in the steep Tsangpo Gorge, and in isolated locations associated with valley constrictions. Simulated shear stresses suggest that outburst floods deposited numerous kilometer‐scale boulder bars observed along the flood pathway, armoring the bed, increasing channel roughness, and inhibiting incision in locations that would not be predicted for nonflood flows. Our findings highlight the potential for different magnitude flows to promote not only different amounts, but also different patterns of bedrock erosion, with implications for the role of prehistoric megafloods in the topographic evolution of the eastern Himalaya.

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“…Much of what is known about the evolution of supra-glacial lakes concerns areal expansion and the rates and fundamental processes underpinning areal lake expansion are well established from remote sensing and surface surveys (Mool, 1995;Quincey et al, 2007;Komori, 2008;Fujita et al, 2009;Watanabe et al, 2009;Bajracharya and Mool, 2010;Gardelle et al, 2011;Sawagaki et al, 2012;Thompson et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2015;Thompson et al, 2016). Far less, however, is known about rates of, and processes controlling, lake deepening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A conceptual model of supra‐glacial lake formation on debris‐covered glaciers based on GPR facies analysis

Mertes

Thompson²,

Booth

et al. 2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Supra‐glacial lakes and ponds can create hotspots of mass loss on debris‐covered glaciers. While much research has been directed at understanding lateral lake expansion, little is known about the rates or processes governing lake deepening. To a large degree, this knowledge gap persists due to sparse observations of lake beds. Here we report on the novel use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys to simultaneously collect supra‐glacial lake bathymetry and bottom composition data from Spillway Lake (surface area of 2.4 × 105 m2; volume of 9.5 × 104 m3), which is located in the terminus region of the Ngozumpa Glacier in the Khumbu region of the Nepal Himalaya. We identified two GPR bottom signals corresponding to two sedimentary facies of (1) sub‐horizontal layered fine sediment drape and (2) coarse blocky diamict. We provide an understanding of the changes in subaqueous debris distribution that occur through stages of lake expansion by combining the GPR results with in situ observations of shoreline deposits matching the interpreted facies. From this, we present an updated conceptual model of supra‐glacial lake evolution, with the addition of data on the evolving debris environment, showing how dominant depositional processes can change as lakes evolve from perched lakes to multi‐basin base‐level lakes and finally onto large moraine‐dammed lakes. Throughout lake evolution, processes such as shoreline steepening, lakebed collapse into voids and conduit interception, subaerial and subaqueous calving and rapid areal expansion alter the spatial distribution and makeup of lakebed debris and sediments forcing a number of positive and negative feedbacks on lake expansion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Integrated hazard assessment of Cirenmaco glacial lake in Zhangzangbo valley, Central Himalayas

Cited by 80 publications

References 72 publications

Sensitivity of habitat hydraulic model outputs to DTM and computational mesh resolution

Sensitivity of habitat hydraulic model outputs to DTM and computational mesh resolution

The Geomorphic Impact of Outburst Floods: Integrating Observations and Numerical Simulations of the 2000 Yigong Flood, Eastern Himalaya

A conceptual model of supra‐glacial lake formation on debris‐covered glaciers based on GPR facies analysis

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