“…Based on the geophysical characteristics, various geophysical surveys have been performed such as ERT (Hong et al, 2015;Ungureanu et al, 2017), GPR (Giorgi and , seismic refraction (Giorgi and Cardenas-Soto et al, 2020), multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) (Kidanu et al, 2020), gravity (Cardenas-Soto et al, 2020), frequency-domain electro-magnetic and self-potential survey (Prudhomme et al, 2019). In the urban environment, GPR survey is performed mostly due to di culty of survey due to surrounding conditions such as asphalt roads.…”