Integrated geophysical methods for studying the karst system of Gruta de las Maravillas (Aracena, Southwest Spain)

Martínez-Moreno, F.J.; Galindo-Zaldı́var, Jesús; Pedrera, Antonio; Teixidó, Teresa; Ruano, Patricia; Peña, José Antonio; González-Castillo, Lourdes; Ruíz-Constán, Ana; López-Chicano, M.; Martín-Rosales, W.

doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2014.05.021

Cited by 73 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Increasingly, however, geophysical techniques are being used to provide more direct evidence about the geological setting of a karst system. Survey techniques, such as ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), provide an efficient means of describing the karst structure, mapping karst conduits (Carrière, Chalikakis, Sénéchal, Danquigny, & Emblanch, ; Martínez‐Moreno et al, ), and defining the soil–rock interface (Chalikakis, Plagnes, Guerin, Valois, & Bosch, ). Such geological evidence is crucial for delineating hydraulic structures, such as complex subsurface drainage networks in the karst, which can link local fissure and fracture networks with the dominant large conduit systems (Binley et al, ; Chalikakis et al, ; Hartmann et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the heterogeneity of karst critical zone and its hydrological function: An integrated approach

Chen

Zhang

Soulsby

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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Spatial heterogeneity in the subsurface of karst environments is high, as evidenced by the multiphase porosity of carbonate rocks and complex landform features that result in marked variability of hydrological processes in space and time. This includes complex exchange of various flows (e.g., fast conduit flows and slow fracture flows) in different locations. Here, we integrate various “state‐of‐the‐art” methods to understand the structure and function of this poorly constrained critical zone environment. Geophysical, hydrometric, and tracer tools are used to characterize the hydrological functions of the cockpit karst critical zone in the small catchment of Chenqi, Guizhou Province, China. Geophysical surveys, using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), inferred the spatial heterogeneity of permeability in the epikarst and underlying aquifer. Water tables in depression wells in valley bottom areas, as well as discharge from springs on steeper hillslopes and at the catchment outlet, showed different hydrodynamic responses to storm event rainwater recharge and hillslope flows. Tracer studies using water temperatures and stable water isotopes (δD and δ18O) could be used alongside insights into aquifer permeability from ERT surveys to explain site‐ and depth‐dependent variability in the groundwater response in terms of the degree to which “new” water from storm rainfall recharges and mixes with “old” pre‐event water in karst aquifers. This integrated approach reveals spatial structure in the karst critical zone and provides a conceptual framework of hydrological functions across spatial and temporal scales.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the heterogeneity of karst critical zone and its hydrological function: An integrated approach

Chen

Zhang

Soulsby

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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“…Gabriel et al () used a combination of seismic, gravity and electrical methods to delineate extent of subglacial valleys and impacts of salt intrusion on the groundwater reservoirs. A number of other studies have shown the strength of multidimensional and multiscale geophysical applications to flow path delineation (e.g., McClymont et al ; Cassidy et al ; Meier et al ), contaminant transport and fate (e.g., Atekwana and Atekwana ; Konstantaki et al ), and karst characterization (e.g., Martínez‐Moreno et al ). While these previous studies demonstrate the capacity of geophysical techniques to understand various hydrogeological and geological problems, few have shown how an integrated, multidisciplinary and multiscaled approach can generate a robust conceptualization of a heterogeneous sedimentary bedrock environment, exhibiting multiple geologic unconformities with contrasting sedimentary rock types and characteristics, with varying hydrological impacts associated with dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) migration and source evolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional Investigation of Bedrock Heterogeneity/Unconformities at a DNAPL‐Impacted Site

Steelman¹,

Meyer

Parker

2017

Groundwater

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Organic solvent (i.e., dense nonaqueous phase liquid, DNAPL) migration in the subsurface is known to be extremely sensitive to geologic heterogeneity. There is often a focus on heterogeneity that results from changing depositional conditions over short spatial scales. Similar or even more extreme spatial heterogeneity can result postdeposition due to erosional processes. This study applies a synergistic approach based on a combination of high-resolution lithologic logs of continuous cores, borehole geophysical logs, surface electrical resistivity, and seismic refraction tomography models to assess spatial heterogeneity in a shallow bedrock sequence subject to multiple unconformities and contaminated with a mixture of organic chemicals. The persistence of DNAPL in the source zone and an associated dissolved-phase plume led to variable impacts on formation resistivity across the study site. Seismic refraction in combination with electrical resistivity tomography improved interpretation of highly irregular erosional boundaries by delineating sharp lateral transitions in lithologic composition near the source zone and across the dissolved-phase plume. Electrical resistivity was effective at differentiating between clean and mud-rich sandstones and their unconformable contact with an underlying dolostone. Geophysical measurements revealed eroded dolostone mounds encased by a network of younger mud-rich sandstones channelized by clean semi-lithified sand, all of which was buried beneath variable glacial drift. Our synergistic multidimensional approach resulted in the development of a detailed three-dimensional shallow bedrock geospatial model, which has led to an improved understanding of DNAPL migration and contaminant plume heterogeneity.

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“…After data acquisition, data inversion was performed through calculation of the chargeability and resistivity from apparent resistivity and apparent chargeability that was measured in the field (Mammo ; Martinez et al . , ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the applicability of induced polarization method in ore modelling and drilling optimization: a case study from Abassabad, Iran

Mostafaei

Ramazi

2019

Near Surface Geophysics

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The main issue in mineral exploration is to obtain as much information as possible in a time‐ and cost‐efficient manner. This may be achieved through a combination of geophysical methods including the induced polarization method. The induced polarization is the most applicable method in case of metal exploration through drilling. We argue that the relationship between induced polarization, electrical resistivity and ore grade data may be used in resource estimation. This argument is tested in the active copper mine of Madan Bozorg, Abassabad, which is located in the Miami‐Sabzevar mineralization belt in NW Iran. Within the borehole locations, geophysical profiles of induced polarization and electrical resistivity were designed and surveyed using combined resistivity sounding and profiling array. Two‐dimensional models of induced polarization and electrical resistivity were prepared through inversion of geophysical data, after the primary processing. The three‐dimensional block models of induced polarization and electrical resistivity were also compiled using geostatistical methods. Obtained two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional models of induced polarization and electrical resistivity were checked using exploratory boreholes to investigate the relationship among induced polarization, electrical resistivity and copper grade. The three‐dimensional block model of the copper ore was prepared using cokriging and artificial neural network, using a combination of induced polarization and drilling data. In the cases where borehole data were unavailable, the presence of copper ore was predicted by artificial neural network and cokriging methods, and the three‐dimensional models of ore body were constructed in all of the study area. Obtained models based on the predicted copper ore distribution were checked and compared with ore distribution model compiled using drilling data. The results indicate a good agreement between predicted and real results. This led to reduction of borehole number to about 45% and the optimization of boreholes locations. Finally, an optimized drilling plan has been prepared and presented for the Abassabad copper mine.

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Integrated geophysical methods for studying the karst system of Gruta de las Maravillas (Aracena, Southwest Spain)

Cited by 73 publications

References 45 publications

Characterizing the heterogeneity of karst critical zone and its hydrological function: An integrated approach

Characterizing the heterogeneity of karst critical zone and its hydrological function: An integrated approach

Multidimensional Investigation of Bedrock Heterogeneity/Unconformities at a DNAPL‐Impacted Site

Investigating the applicability of induced polarization method in ore modelling and drilling optimization: a case study from Abassabad, Iran

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