Integrated extraction process to obtain bioactive extracts of Artemisia annua L. leaves using supercritical CO2, ethanol and water

Correa, Humberto; Bitencourt, Raphaela Gabrí; Kayano, Ana Carolina Andrade Vitor; Magalhães, Pedro Melillo de; Costa, Fábio T. M.; Cabral, Fernando A.

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.11.007

Cited by 43 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This extraction method is particularly useful for relatively non‐polar thermolabile materials. Artemisinin ( 1 ) is a non‐polar sesquiterpene, and can be extracted successfully from A. annua by SFE. In fact, artemisinin's solubility in supercritical CO 2 , in terms of mole fraction, was found to be within the range of 10 −4 to 10 −3 , which is higher than typical solubilities of many biomolecules.…”

Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ultrasoundassisted extraction, utilising various computational tools and mathematical modelling, has been observed in recent years. During the period from 2017 to present, several protocols of ultrasound-assisted extraction and SFE of artemisinin (1) have been reported (Table 1), [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] which will be discussed briefly in the following subsections.…”

Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This extraction method is particularly useful for relatively non-polar thermolabile materials. Artemisinin (1) is a non-polar sesquiterpene, and can be extracted successfully from A. annua by SFE [12][13][14][15] .…”

Section: Supercritical Fluid Extraction (Sfe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on the latest advances in extraction and analysis of artemisinin

Nahar

Chen

Sarker

2019

Phytochemical Analysis

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Introduction Artemisinin (1), a well‐known natural antimalarial drug, is a sesquiterpene lactone that contains a unique peroxide bridge. Since its discovery, the amount of research into the analysis of artemisinin has increased considerably, and it has been further intensified since the Noble Prize win by Tu Youyou in the year 2015 for the discovery of artemisinin. Objective To review literature on the extraction and analysis of artemisinin, published during 2017–present, and to present an appraisal of those methods. Methodology Extensive literature search was carried out which involved, but not limited to, the use of, various databases, like Web of Knowledge, PubMed and Google Scholar, and relevant published materials including published books. The keywords used, in various combinations, with artemisinin being present in all combinations, in the search were artemisinin, Artemisia annua, analysis, extraction, quantitative, qualitative and quality control. Results During the period covered in this review, several methods of analysis of artemisinin have been reported, the most of which were liquid chromatography (LC)‐based methods. However, the use of new methods like near‐infrared analysis, fluorometirc analysis and molecular imprinting, and a significant increase in the use of computational tools have been observed. Mainly several methods involving supercritical fluid extraction and ultrasound‐assisted extraction of artemisinin have dominated the extraction area. Conclusions Newer analytical tools, as well as improved protocols for the known analytical tools, for qualitative and quantitative determination of artemisinin (1), have been made available by various researchers during the period covered by this review. Supercritical fluid extraction and ultrasound‐assisted extraction are still the methods of choice for extraction of artemisinin.

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Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on the latest advances in extraction and analysis of artemisinin

Nahar

Chen

Sarker

2019

Phytochemical Analysis

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“…Since artemisinin is soluble in SC‐CO 2 at selected conditions, some attempts have been made at its direct extraction from dried and ground leaves of Artemisia annua L . For instance, Martinez‐Correa et al . performed SC‐CO 2 extraction at 400 bar and 60°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since artemisinin is soluble in SC-CO 2 at selected conditions, 15 some attempts have been made at its direct extraction from dried and ground leaves of Artemisia annua L. [16][17][18] For instance, Martinez-Correa et al 19 performed SC-CO 2 extraction at 400 bar and 60 ∘ C. The extraction yield, quantified in terms of artemisinin, was similar to ethanol extraction and volatile compounds were collected using a cartridge. However, it is well known that the process conditions adopted in that work cannot be used for selective extraction owing to the very large solvent power expressed by SC-CO 2 at high pressures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artemisia annua organic solvent extract, processed by supercritical CO₂

Baldino

Reverchon

2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Artemisia annua L. extraction is traditionally performed using hexane; the process is simple, but not selective. In this work, a strategy to concentrate artemisinin and the other similar active principles in the final extract is proposed, combining cheapness of maceration and selectivity of SC‐CO2 processing. RESULTS Hexane extraction produced a solid, waxy extract with a yield of 3.3% w/w with respect to the starting vegetable material. Then, SC‐CO2 processing of this solid extract was performed operating at 0.8 kg h−1 SC‐CO2 flow rate and at different operative parameters. Very selective conditions were found operating at 90 bar and 50°C, obtaining a final product containing more than 71% w/w of active compounds (artemisinin, artemisin and dehydroartemisinin). CONCLUSION Using this approach, a product more than 2.6 times richer in artemisinin than the one obtained by conventional techniques and about 2 times richer than direct CO2 extraction, was obtained. Another relevant result is that the overall process scheme is cheaper than direct CO2 extraction, since a high pressure extractor about 20 times smaller can be used, to process the waxy product obtained by hexane extraction. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Instant determination of the artemisinin from various Artemisia annua L. extracts by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS and their in‐silico modelling and in vitro antiviral activity studies against SARS‐CoV‐2

Doğan

Erol

Orhan

et al. 2021

Phytochemical Analysis

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Introduction Numerous efforts in natural product drug development are reported for the treatment of Coronavirus. Based on the literature, among these natural plants Artemisia annua L. shows some promise for the treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2. Objective The main objective of our study was to determine artemisinin content by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS), to investigate the in vitro biological activity of artemisinin from the A. annua plants grown in Turkey with various extracted methods, to elaborate in silico activity against SARS‐CoV‐2 using molecular modelling. Methodology Twenty‐one different extractions were applied. Direct and sequential extractions studies were compared with ultrasonic assisted maceration, Soxhlet, and ultra‐rapid determined artemisinin active molecules by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS methods. The inhibition of spike protein and main protease (3CL) enzyme activity of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus was assessed by time resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR‐FRET) assay. Results Artemisinin content in the range 0.062–0.066%. Artemisinin showed significant inhibition of 3CL protease activity but not Spike/ACE‐2 binding. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) of artemisinin against SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike pseudovirus was found greater than 50 μM (EC45) in HEK293T cell line whereas the cell viability was 94% of the control (P < 0.01). The immunosuppressive effects of artemisinin on TNF‐α production on both pseudovirus and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced THP‐1 cells were found significant in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion Further studies of these extracts for COVID‐19 treatment will shed light to seek alternative treatment options. Moreover, these natural extracts can be used as an additional treatment option with medicines, as well as prophylactic use can be very beneficial for patients.

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Integrated extraction process to obtain bioactive extracts of Artemisia annua L. leaves using supercritical CO2, ethanol and water

Cited by 43 publications

References 42 publications

A review on the latest advances in extraction and analysis of artemisinin

A review on the latest advances in extraction and analysis of artemisinin

Artemisia annua organic solvent extract, processed by supercritical CO₂

Instant determination of the artemisinin from various Artemisia annua L. extracts by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS and their in‐silico modelling and in vitro antiviral activity studies against SARS‐CoV‐2

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Integrated extraction process to obtain bioactive extracts of Artemisia annua L. leaves using supercritical CO2, ethanol and water

Cited by 43 publications

References 42 publications

A review on the latest advances in extraction and analysis of artemisinin

A review on the latest advances in extraction and analysis of artemisinin

Artemisia annua organic solvent extract, processed by supercritical CO2

Instant determination of the artemisinin from various Artemisia annua L. extracts by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS and their in‐silico modelling and in vitro antiviral activity studies against SARS‐CoV‐2

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Artemisia annua organic solvent extract, processed by supercritical CO₂