Integrated exploration of clay deposits: Some changes of strategy

Konta, J.; Kühnel, R.A.

doi:10.1016/s0169-1317(96)00027-0

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The exploration and description of outcrops and the cartography of the deposits were done using classical methods of geological survey linked to quantitative evaluation of geomaterials as clays (pit digging, auger drilling, boring holes, etc.). The reserve was estimated on the basis of the drill depth and the studied area [14,15]. During fieldworks, about sixty drillings were performed using a hand auger down to a maximum depth of 5 m. The different steps include: 1) implementation of the sample survey plan, 2) opening of transects providing access to sampling points, 3) realization of 60 pits of 3 to 5 m depth, 4) realization of two observational pits of 1 m 2 and 2 m depth.…”

Section: Clay Deposit Estimation and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Potentiality of Alluvial Clays Deposits from Cameroon: Influence of Lateritic Clayey Admixture for Fired Bricks Production

Nzeukou¹,

Kamgang²,

Medjo³

et al. 2013

JMMCE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cartography and characterization of an alluvial clay deposit from Ebebda (Central region of Cameroon) were carried out in order to assess its suitability for the production of fired clay bricks. The clayey area investigated is ~ 50,000 m 2 with an average thickness of the exploitable layer of 2.2 m, suggesting a deposit of about ~2.2 × 10 5 tonnes of clay. Mineralogy, physico-chemical and thermal analyses as well as firing properties were performed on representative clay samples. Kaolinite and quartz are the major minerals associated to illite. Upon heating to 900˚C -1200˚C, the linear shrinkage varies from 1.5% to 15%, the water absorption from 1.5% to 24% and the bending strength from 2 to 12 MPa. The admixture of lateritic clays (widely available) at 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% allow to decrease the shrinkage and bending strength, and to increase the water absorption. Overall, properties were satisfying the requirement for fired brick with 70% of laterite in the mixture.

show abstract

Section: Clay Deposit Estimation and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Potentiality of Alluvial Clays Deposits from Cameroon: Influence of Lateritic Clayey Admixture for Fired Bricks Production

Nzeukou¹,

Kamgang²,

Medjo³

et al. 2013

JMMCE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The relevance of this information should not be underestimated, as this supports the interpretation of sample characterization results. Subsequent blending and homogenization of several samples together may reduce the resolution of the field observations [17].…”

Section: Sampling and Pre-treatment Of Raw Claysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper of RILEM TC 282-CCL: mineralogical characterization methods for clay resources intended for use as supplementary cementitious material

Snellings

Reyes²,

Hanein

et al. 2022

Mater Struct

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To respond to the rapid introduction and development of calcined clays as supplementary cementitious material (SCM), the toolbox of characterization methods for cementitious materials requires extension to raw clay characterization. Borrowing concepts and methods developed in the field of clay mineralogy, this paper outlines the merits and limits of widely accessible characterization techniques for raw clays intended for use as SCM, when calcined. The paper focuses mainly on the identification and quantification of the raw clay mineral components, as these characteristics have important implications for further material processing and performance. General notes are provided on clay sampling and pre-treatment as well as bulk chemical analysis. The main techniques considered are X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy. Their application on raw clays is introduced, highlighting clay-specific aspects of sample preparation, data acquisition, and processing. Guidelines and interpretation tables are provided to aid in the analysis of the acquired data, while limitations and potential interferences are identified. Options for remote prospection by infrared spectroscopy are included as well. To illustrate the type of information to be gained and the complementarity of the techniques, two representative raw clays are fully characterised. This paper aims to highlight that mineralogical characterization is a feasible and often necessary step in the study and assessment of raw clays that can deliver a wealth of informative data if carried out appropriately.

show abstract

“…During reclamation of clay from the stockpile, the excavator takes a cross section through all different layers and, thereby, receives a homogenous mix of the different clay qualities. All these common requirements can be adapted to an optimal exploration and mining model according to the actual clay deposit to be exploited and its potential use [36,37]. Open pit mining can enable simultaneous environmental renaturation.…”

Section: Clay Extraction and Blending At The Minementioning

confidence: 99%

Clay calcination technology: state-of-the-art review by the RILEM TC 282-CCL

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of calcined clays as supplementary cementitious materials provides the opportunity to significantly reduce the cement industry’s carbon burden; however, use at a global scale requires a deep understanding of the extraction and processing of the clays to be used, which will uncover routes to optimise their reactivity. This will enable increased usage of calcined clays as cement replacements, further improving the sustainability of concretes produced with them. Existing technologies can be adopted to produce calcined clays at an industrial scale in many regions around the world. This paper, produced by RILEM TC 282-CCL on calcined clays as supplementary cementitious materials (working group 2), focuses on the production of calcined clays, presents an overview of clay mining, and assesses the current state of the art in clay calcination technology, covering the most relevant aspects from the clay deposit to the factory gate. The energetics and associated carbon footprint of the calcination process are also discussed, and an outlook on clay calcination is presented, discussing the technological advancements required to fulfil future global demand for this material in sustainable infrastructure development.

show abstract

Integrated exploration of clay deposits: Some changes of strategy

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Industrial Potentiality of Alluvial Clays Deposits from Cameroon: Influence of Lateritic Clayey Admixture for Fired Bricks Production

Industrial Potentiality of Alluvial Clays Deposits from Cameroon: Influence of Lateritic Clayey Admixture for Fired Bricks Production

Paper of RILEM TC 282-CCL: mineralogical characterization methods for clay resources intended for use as supplementary cementitious material

Clay calcination technology: state-of-the-art review by the RILEM TC 282-CCL

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About