Integrated evaluation methods to hbim for the management of cultural heritage: the case study of the colonnade of patio de Los Leones, Alhambra-Granada

Abstract

Historical heritage plays a fundamental role in society. One of the primary targets for European countries is to ensure its safeguarding so that it can be enjoyed by future generations. This paper defines a procedure for the safeguarding of cultural heritage which is often in an advanced state of degradation and threatened by climate change and the increasing number of tourists. The methodology consists of three basic steps: the identification of the technical elements on which intervention is necessary, the assessment of the vulnerability level of these elements considering exogenous factors and the hierarchization of the most vulnerable elements through the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The case study is the “Patio de los Leones” a world-famous site within the Alhambra and Generalife which every year attracts over 2 million tourists to Granada, Spain. The aim is to set priorities for intervention on the 124 “Macael” marble columns according to the need for restoration. The validation of the methodology and management of the data to achieve the hierarchy among the columns was done using an HBIM model. Il patrimonio storico culturale ha un ruolo fondamentale dal punto di vista sociale. Uno degli obiettivi primari per i paesi europei è quello di garantirne la salvaguardia per consentirne la fruizione alle generazioni future. In questo articolo si definisce una procedura utile alla conservazione di tale patrimonio che spesso verte in condizioni di degrado molto avanzate e che i cambiamenti climatici ed il crescente numero di turisti mettono ulteriormente a rischio. Nello specifico, la metodologia consta di tre passaggi fondamentali: l’individuazione degli elementi tecnici sui quali è necessario un intervento, la valutazione del livello di vulnerabilità di tali elementi tenendo conto dei fattori esogeni e delle caratteristiche morfologiche e di localizzazione, e la gerarchizzazione degli elementi maggiormente vulnerabili attraverso l’applicazione dell’Analytic Hierarchy Process. Il caso applicativo, è il “Patio de los Leones”, sito di fama mondiale all’interno dell’Alhambra e del Generalife, che attira a Granada, in Spagna, oltre 2 milioni di turisti ogni anno. Il fine, nel caso studio, è quello di definire le priorità d’intervento sulle 124 colonne in marmo di “Macael” che necessitano di delicati interventi di restauro. La verifica della metodologia, l’archiviazione e gestione dei dati per giungere alla gerarchizzazione degli interventi di restauro è stata fatta attraverso un modello HBIM

Digital Technologies and Sustainability Assessment: A Critical Review on the Integration Methods between BIM and LEED

“…Cloud-based approaches Microsoft macros and Dynamo (an in-built Autodesk Revit extension) were also appropriate for automating the assessment procedure. Finally, Acampa et al [17] focused on the potential integration between green building evaluation tools into BIM data systems. The integration procedure was reduced by the fact that only two of the existing ten categories set by LEED can be simply evaluated by BIM.…”

The architectural design practice in the folds of decision-making processes

“…Moving to the second perspective, on the quality of the products of architectural design processes, the positioning of evaluation practice is mainly related to methodologies to assess the quality of projects, in terms of positive and sustainable impacts on specific urban and territorial surroundings that are sustainable overall (Acampa, 2019;Acampa et al, 2019;Forte, 2019). This means considering the overall quality of an architectural project as built up gradually during the ideational process.…”

Building rating tools integration in building information modeling (BIM)

“…Construction has become one of the targeted industries to improve environmental sustainability as it consumes 40% world's energy consumption, 30% of total raw materials consumption, 25% of total water consumption, 12% of land consumption, and produces 25% of overall solid waste [1,36]. To reduce the environmental impact, the concept of sustainable building is introduced [21].…”

“…These building rating tools can assist in measuring the environmental performance of the building IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1143/1/012017 2 so that best sustainable practices will be adopted in designing, constructing, and operating the building [4]. Building rating tools are important to guide the decision-making process of a sustainable building [1]. The building rating tools are necessitated to be integrated into the design process to produce a building that is resource-efficient throughout its life cycle [30].…”

“…So, a separate sustainable analysis is required at the end of the design process using other additional tools. [1]. The traditional modelling process is also inconvenient as it is time-consuming and requires tremendous efforts to incorporate the architectural information into the simulation software [34].…”