Integrated Electrochemical and Optical Biosensing in Organs‐on‐Chip

Abstract

Demand for biocompatible, non‐invasive, and continuous real‐time monitoring of organs‐on‐chip has driven the development of a variety of novel sensors. However, highest accuracy and sensitivity can arguably be achieved by integrated biosensing, which enables in situ monitoring of the in vitro microenvironment and dynamic responses of tissues and miniature organs recapitulated in organs‐on‐chip. This paper reviews integrated electrical, electrochemical, and optical sensing methods within organ‐on‐chip devices and platforms. By affording precise detection of analytes and biochemical reactions, these methods expand and advance the monitoring capabilities and reproducibility of organ‐on‐chip technology. The integration of these sensing techniques allows a deeper understanding of organ functions, and paves the way for important applications such as drug testing, disease modeling, and personalized medicine. By consolidating recent advancements and highlighting challenges in the field, this review aims to foster further research and innovation in the integration of biosensing in organs‐on‐chip.

Categorising hybrid material microfluidic devices

“…When considering primary categories, hybrid devices can contain electrical components (comprehensively reviewed in (Tawade and Mastrangeli, 2024)) that are integrated and used as sensors or for performing functions such as organ-on-chip monitoring, or cell-matrix interactions within the microfluidic channel. Second, chemical components are integrated into hybrid devices in the form of surface coating materials (reviewed in (Tu et al, 2012)), or as catalysts (reviewed in (Solsona et al, 2019)) for chemical reactions and others.…”

Bridging barriers: advances and challenges in modeling biological barriers and measuring barrier integrity in organ-on-chip systems

“…For reviews of biosensing in OOC platforms more broadly, the interested reader is referred other recent articles. 5–9…”