Integrated cross section and tectonic evolution of the Alps along the Eastern Traverse

Schmid, Stefan M.; Pfiffner, Othmar-Adrian; Schönborn, Gregor; Froitzheim, N.; Kissling, Edi

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-9098-4_22

Cited by 34 publications

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“…18 O ~ 6‰) may account for the present geochemical and isotopic heterogeneity of the VVP lithospheric mantle. The slab-derived component is easy traceable to the South-eastward subduction of the European plate underneath the African plate, which was a long-running phenomenon (140-40 Ma) responsible for the closure of the Alpine Tethys (Schmid et al, 1997;Ranalli et al, 2004). This process involved the sinking of the Ligurian-Piedmont and Valais oceans (probably rich in marine sediments) and the Briançonnais microcontinent (carrier of a terrigenous sediment signature), culminating with the collision of the Eurasian and Apulia plates (Dal Piaz and Venturelli, 1983;Stampfli et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are hosted by sodic-alkaline extension-related magmas . During the Cretaceous, the surrounding SE Alps were involved in convergence between Africa and Eurasia plates, inducing subduction processes of the latter plate southeastward (von Blanckenburg and Davies, 1995;Schmid et al, 1997). Because the subcontinental mantle lacks significant convection, the VVP xenoliths may bear the geochemical and petrographic signature of metasomatism induced by di-378 D. Gasperini et al Beccaluva et al (2001) suggested that the addition of 1-6% of a Na-alkaline melt to a primary lherzolite composition may account for the present petrologic and geochemical composition of a typical lherzolite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultramafic xenoliths from the Veneto Volcanic Province (Italy): Petrological and geochemical evidence for multiple metasomatism of the SE Alps mantle lithosphere

et al. 2006

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Petrologic and geochemical characteristics of whole rocks and minerals may be explained by metasomatism of the local mantle lithosphere induced by both alkaline magmas upwelling to the surface (OIB-like mantle diapirism) and interaction with slab-derived material. In comparison with the geochemistry of xenoliths carried by alkaline magmas in typical withinplate tectonic environments, the Veneto xenoliths record a major heterogeneity of the local lithosphere. This appears to be related to a geodynamic scenario that was previously dominated by active continental collision, in which plume-like magmatism subsequently manifested itself.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultramafic xenoliths from the Veneto Volcanic Province (Italy): Petrological and geochemical evidence for multiple metasomatism of the SE Alps mantle lithosphere

et al. 2006

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“…Ductile basement nappes are fold structures formed by basal simple shear and superimposed pure shear (Handy et al 1993;Schmid et al 1997).…”

Section: Dynamic Setting Categories Of Thick-skin Provincesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have evolved from either passive margins or intra-cratonic rift systems. The most typical examples of the former (initial passive margin setting) are various Andean thick-skin provinces, the Tienshan and the Western Alps (Schmid et al 1996(Schmid et al , 1997Escher & Beaumont 1997 Each of these examples underwent a different portion of the complete deformation history of a thick-skin orogen, that is, from initial inversion to full accretion. An excellent introduction to this complete history can be found in Teixell & Babault (2013), who look at shortening across a number of orogens.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…They have evolved from either passive margins or intra-cratonic rift systems. The most typical examples of the former (initial passive margin setting) are various Andean thick-skin provinces, the Tienshan and the Western Alps (Schmid et al 1996(Schmid et al , 1997Escher & Beaumont 1997;Baby et al 2013;Carrera & Muñoz 2013;Iaffa et al 2013;Kober et al 2013;Tesón et al 2013). The most typical examples of the latter (initial intra-cratonic setting) include the High Atlas, Middle Atlas, central and eastern Pyrenees and the Palmyrides (Carola et al 2013;Teixell & Babault 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Thick-skin-dominated orogens; from initial inversion to full accretion: an introduction

Němčok

Mora

Cosgrove

2013

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Fifty per cent of orogens have a thick-skin character, and have evolved from passive margin and intra-cratonic rift systems. One group of thick-skin provinces can be found at both pro-and retro-wedges of orogens associated with advancing subduction zones, that is, orogenic wedges whose advance vectors oppose the mantle flow. A second group can be found at prowedges of orogens associated with retreating subduction zones, that is, orogens whose advance vectors have the same direction as mantle flow. A third group is formed in intra-plate settings where mechanical strengthening is produced by internal shortening. Thick-skin province development is controlled by driving factors such as individual plate movement rates, overall convergence rates, orogen movement sense with respect to mantle flow, and pro-wedge v. retro-wedge location. These driving factors are themselves constrained by numerous internal and external factors. This introductory chapter focusses primarily on least-deformed case areas in order to understand the role of different factors in controlling the evolution of thick-skin tectonic provinces from the initial inversion stage to full accretion stage.Many thrust belts exhibit both thin-and thick-skin structural styles in different portions of the belt. Some thrust belts, such as the Andes, change style along-strike (Allmendinger et al. 1997;Baby et al. 2013; Carrera & Muñoz 2013;Iaffa et al. 2013;Moretti et al. 2013). Other thrust belts, such as the US Cordillera -Rocky Mountains, exhibit thin-skin structural styles in their interior and thick-skin style in their exterior (Hamilton 1988). A quick screening of the basic characteristics of orogens whose deformation styles are known (see Nemčok et al. 2005) shows that 50% of orogens have a thick-skin character. They have evolved from either passive margins or intra-cratonic rift systems. The most typical examples of the former (initial passive margin setting) are various Andean thick-skin provinces, the Tienshan and the Western Alps (Schmid et al. 1996(Schmid et al. , 1997Escher & Beaumont 1997 Each of these examples underwent a different portion of the complete deformation history of a thick-skin orogen, that is, from initial inversion to full accretion. An excellent introduction to this complete history can be found in Teixell & Babault (2013), who look at shortening across a number of orogens. They record a total shortening of 20 -25% across the High Atlas, 25-30% across the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and about 40% across the Pyrenees. While Teixell & Babault (2013) reconstructed the complex deformation sequence in the Pyrenees and understood that mountain building comes from the numerous large-scale footwall edge short-cut faults through the rift margin, a less deformed record of the Eastern Cordillera allows one to see that a slow Paleocene -Eocene deformation was followed by the faster Oligocene-Early Miocene deformation and then by an accelerated deformation that took place since Late Miocene Silva et al. 2013). Work on the timing of ...

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A purely structural restoration of the NFP20‐East cross section and potential tectonic overpressure in the Adula nappe (central Alps)

Pleuger

Podladchikov

2014

Tectonics

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Common extrusion-type models for the high-to ultrahigh-pressure Adula nappe require a major normal fault along the top of this unit which is not conveyed in the structural record. This implies that such a normal fault existed but was completely erased during later deformational stages. However, there is evidence that decompression occurred during top-to-the-foreland thrusting. We performed a new, purely structural kinematic restoration of the central part of the NFP20-East cross section in order to estimate the burial depths of individual units without converting petrological pressure data into depth under the assumption that pressures were lithostatic. The results show that pressures within most of the units were close to but somewhat higher than lithostatic for several stages of the tectono-metamorphic history. Only for the maximum burial stage of the Adula nappe, we estimate local tectonic overpressures of 40 to 80% of the lithostatic pressures. Accepting such an amount of overpressure, which is moderate compared to values theoretically possible, the Adula nappe was probably not subducted to subcrustal depth. We propose that the structural record of the Penninic nappe stack is quite complete and suggest that the decay of tectonic overpressure is a feasible explanation for decompression from eclogite-to amphibolite-facies conditions during thrusting. Consequently, exhumation and convergence rates of the Eocene to Oligocene Alps may be smaller than previously assumed.

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Integrated cross section and tectonic evolution of the Alps along the Eastern Traverse

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Ultramafic xenoliths from the Veneto Volcanic Province (Italy): Petrological and geochemical evidence for multiple metasomatism of the SE Alps mantle lithosphere

Ultramafic xenoliths from the Veneto Volcanic Province (Italy): Petrological and geochemical evidence for multiple metasomatism of the SE Alps mantle lithosphere

Thick-skin-dominated orogens; from initial inversion to full accretion: an introduction

A purely structural restoration of the NFP20‐East cross section and potential tectonic overpressure in the Adula nappe (central Alps)

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