Integrated constructed wetland for small communities

Urbanc‐Berćić, Olga; Bulc, Tjaša Griessler

doi:10.2166/wst.1995.0124

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Phosphorus reduction also falls within the 80-97% range cited for other regions (Maehlum et al, 1995;Urbanc-Bercic and Bulc, 1995) and conventional treatment (Kadlec and Knight, 1996). Mann (1990) noted that the effectiveness of wetlands in treating P concentrations is a function of the adsorption capacity of the substrate.…”

Section: Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 62%

Efficiency of small constructed wetlands for subsurface treatment of single-family domestic effluent

Steer

Fraser

Boddy

et al. 2002

Ecological Engineering

121

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Single-family constructed wetland systems in Ohio, USA, are studied to evaluate their effectiveness in improving water quality. Twenty-one, three-cell systems (septic tank with two wetlands) are found to meet US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) effluent load guidelines in 68% of the quarterly water quality samples collected from 1994 to 2001. These wetlands most frequently meet EPA standards for mitigation of biochemical oxygen demand (89% below 30 mg/l); total suspended solids (79% below 30 mg/l); and fecal coliform (74% below 1000 counts/100 ml). Phosphorus and ammonia discharge meet the guidelines less often (50% at 1 mg/l and 16% at 1.5 mg/l, respectively). These data also indicate that domestic treatment wetlands can reduce output of fecal coliform 88 9 27%, total suspended solids 56 953%, biochemical oxygen demand 70 948%, ammonia 56 931% and phosphorus 80 920%. Analysis of variance for these systems indicates that biochemical oxygen demand reduction is 10% less efficiently reduced during winter and ammonia was reduced 20% more efficiently in fall when compared with the other seasons. Phosphorus reductions display complex seasonal variations that imply that the least efficient phosphorus reduction occurs in winter and the most efficient reduction occurs in fall.

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Section: Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 62%

Efficiency of small constructed wetlands for subsurface treatment of single-family domestic effluent

Steer

Fraser

Boddy

et al. 2002

Ecological Engineering

121

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“…Phragmites australis has also been used in gravelbed hydroponic sewage-treatment systems to stimulate nitrification/denitrification activity, thereby increasing the efficiency of these treatments (Williams et al 1994;Williams et al 1995). Urbanc-Bercic and Bulc (1995) and increased reed stand density. In China, Slovenia, and the Czech Republic, P. australis has been used successfully to treat storm water and sewage throughout the year, although most effectively during summer (Urbanc-Bercic 1994;Yin and Shen 1995;Záková 1996).…”

Section: Economic Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 129. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.

Mal¹,

Narine²

2004

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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-common reed, is a perennial, emergent aquatic plant with annual cane-like stems developed from an extensive rhizome system. It grows in low-lying wet areas such as fresh and salt-water marshes, drainage ditches, shallow lake edges, sandy banks, roadsides, woodlands and rocky places. Stems can reach up to 6.0 m in height, vary in diameter from 4 to10 mm and have 10 to 25 cm long hollow internodes. Clones are extended by perennial rhizomes with extensive aerenchymatous tissue that supplies oxygen. Roots develop from rhizomes and other submerged parts of shoots. Leaves are smooth, alternate with narrow-lanceolate laminae, 20 to 70 cm long and 1 to 5 cm broad, and tapering to long slender points. The inflorescence is a terminal panicle, often 30 cm long, dull purple to yellow, with main branches bearing many spikelets. Seed production and germination are extremely variable and comparatively rare in many populations. Phragmites australis carries out photosynthesis through the C 3 pathway (or a variation thereof). Studies of genetic variation through isozyme and other molecular methods suggest that the populations are very closely related, and that variation in the metapopulation is small. Chloroplast DNA sequences of two non-coding regions indicate that non-native introduced genotypes of P. australis have displaced native genotypes in parts of North America. Phragmites australis often forms extensive monocultures in North America. As a consequence, habitat quality and species diversity have been documented to decline. However, in roadside populations it is effective in taking up many typical heavy metals that originate from nearby highways and buildings. Phragmites australis is found in all Canadian provinces and the Northwest Territories, but not in the Yukon Territory or Nunavut. The infestation of P. australis is most severe in the Great Lakes region and its migration is primarily mediated through rivers, canals and waterways but roadways are increasingly becoming important. Changes in the water regime have been linked to its success and could ultimately result in changes to the floristic composition of a habitat. Rodeo™, an aqueous solution of the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate, is most frequently used to control P. australis populations. Other methods of control include cutting, burning, and drainage of the species' habitat. As P. australis is considered to be invasive in North America, introduction of biological control agents is now being investigated. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84: 365-396. Le roseau commun Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. est une vivace aquatique dont le vaste système de rhizomes donne chaque année des tiges ressemblant à des cannes. L'espèce pousse dans les dépressions humides comme les marais d'eau douce et salants, les fossés de drainage, la rive des lacs peu profonds, les berges sablonneuses, le bord des routes, les boisés et les endroits rocailleux. Les tiges atteignent parfois jusqu'à 6,0 m de hauteur et leur diamètre varie de 4 à 10 mm, avec de longues sections creuses de 10 à ...

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“…Constructed wetiands (CWs) prevail as low-cost and low-maintenance wastewater treatment solutions for small communities around the world (UrbancBercic & Bule 1995;Kadlec et al 2000;Vymazal et al 2006;Puigagut et al 2007;Vymazal 2007), especially in developing countries. CWs require low investment and operation costs, produce high quality effluent with low dissipation of energy, and are simple to operate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructed wetlands combined with UV disinfection systems for removal of enteric pathogens and wastewater contaminants

Azaizeh

Linden

Barstow

et al. 2013

Water Science and Technology

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Water shortage is an ongoing cardinal issue in the Middle East region. Wastewater reuse offers some remediation, but to-date many rural communities in the Palestinian Authority (PA) and in Jordan are not connected to centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), many of them are disposing of their wastewater using infiltration septic tanks. This highlights the need for a small, local, low cost WWTP that can directly benefit local communities, producing effluents suitable for unrestricted irrigation. Constructed wetlands (CWs) could offer a solution as they are relatively easy and cheap to construct and maintain, and effective in removal of many pollutants. Nevertheless, pathogen removal in CWs is often not adequate, calling for additional disinfection. Here we describe the use of low-cost, consumer level, UV based disinfection systems coupled to CWs for wastewater treatment in three CWs: in Israel, Jordan and in the PA. Once mature, our adapted CWs reduced chemical oxygen demand (COD) load, and, given proper use of the UV systems, inactivated indicator bacteria (faecal and E. coli) to levels suitable for irrigation, even when UV transmission (UVT) levels were low (∼40%). Our results demonstrate the promise in this combined treatment technique for cheap and simple wastewater treatment suitable for the Middle East region.

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Integrated constructed wetland for small communities

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Efficiency of small constructed wetlands for subsurface treatment of single-family domestic effluent

Efficiency of small constructed wetlands for subsurface treatment of single-family domestic effluent

The biology of Canadian weeds. 129. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.

Constructed wetlands combined with UV disinfection systems for removal of enteric pathogens and wastewater contaminants

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