Integrated Concepts for the Protection of Cultural Artifacts Against Biodeterioration

Warscheid, Thomas

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4239-1_13

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Seasonal variations in rainfall affect the community composition of fungi colonizing the limestone in subtropical areas (Gómez-Cornelio et al 2012). In temperate climates subject to regular rainfall, there is a high biodiversity in ecosystems colonizing the surface of monuments, with a higher bacterial biomass in winter and early spring than in summer and early autumn (Tayler and May 1991;Warscheid 2003). In Scotland, Actinobacteria belonging to the genus Streptomyces and Arthrobacter and fungi belonging to Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Phialophora genera are common on the outer surface of monuments (Suihko et al 2007).…”

Section: The Impacts Of Environmental Factors On Microorganisms Colon...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of techniques for the characterization and quantification of microbial colonization on stone monuments

et al. 2014

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Biodeterioration can be defined as any undesired change of the properties of a material caused by biological activity of living organisms. The biodeterioration of stone materials is related to the production of pigments (aesthetic action), to cell metabolism (biochemical action) and to the mechanical action of the biomass colonizing the material during its growth (physical action). Quantification of the sessile biomass and characterization of microbial communities colonizing stone are essential first steps to ensure the diagnosis of biodeterioration processes and to implement control strategies and appropriate treatment. Different destructive and non-destructive approaches can be used to sample stone specimens from monuments: scraping, swab using, and cutting. Different analytical methods can be used depending on the type of microorganism sought: determination of chlorophyll content and color analysis for pigmented microorganisms; measurement of in situ physiological activity of surface microcolonies by applying fluorogenic substrate analogues or confocal laser scanning microscopy observations after CTC staining for active biomass; scanning or transmission electron microscopy observation for biofilm visualization; enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for the investigation of both microorganisms that can and cannot be cultured; classical microbiological methods, which consist in cultivation of microorganisms on synthetic media; and molecular methods for the study of microbial biodiversity based on the polymorphism of molecular markers using PCR, hybridization, classical or high throughput sequencing. The aim of this review is to present basics of the different biodeterioration mechanisms and to focus on the main techniques that can be used to characterize and quantify the biodeterioration biomass.

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Section: The Impacts Of Environmental Factors On Microorganisms Colon...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of techniques for the characterization and quantification of microbial colonization on stone monuments

et al. 2014

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“…World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013;Piotrowska et al 2014;Warscheid 2000). The main cause of excessive moisture of historic buildings is the lack of damp installation.…”

Section: Solutions To Prevent Biodegradation By Halophilic Microorganmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halophilic microbial communities in deteriorated buildings

Adamiak

Otlewska

Gutarowska

2015

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Halophilic microorganisms were traditionally isolated from an aquatic environment. There has been little research conducted into halophiles inhabiting the terrestrial environment in which historic monuments deteriorate. Salt efflorescence deposited on the walls is an observed phenomenon on the surface of historic buildings, and would favour the growth of halophiles. However, some conditions have to be fulfilled in order for efflorescence to occur: (1) the presence of salts, (2) porosity, (3) a source of water. Salt crystallization influences the material structure (cracking, detachment, material loss), but active growth of halophilic microorganisms may be a serious threat to historic materials as well, leading to aesthetical changes such as coloured biofilms, orange to pink or even violet stains. This is why it is important to investigate halophilic microorganisms, taking into consideration both the environmental conditions they need to grow in, material characteristics they inhabit, the mechanisms they possess to cope with osmotic stress, and the methods that should be applied for their identification.

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“…Atmosferik etkiler, donma-çözünme [33][34][35][36][37], termal etkiler [38][39][40][41], ıslanma-kuruma [42,43] ve tuz kristalizasyonu [44][45][46] olarak sıralanabilir. Biyolojik etkiler ise bitkilerin, likenlerin, mantarların, bakterilerin ve alglerin kayaların fiziksel ve kimyasal parçalanmasına doğrudan ve dolaylı katkısı olarak tanımlanmaktadır [47][48][49][50]. Antropojenik etkiler, yapı taşlarına mekanik müdahalelerin ve doğrudan insan temasının neden olduğu aşınmalar ile kötü kullanımın neden olduğu tahribatlar olarak tanımlanmaktadır [40,[51][52][53].…”

Section: Tartişma Ve Sonuçlarunclassified

Ak Medreseni̇n (Ni̇ğde) Yapiminda Kullanilan Taşlarin Mühendi̇sli̇k Özelli̇kleri̇ Ve Sorunlari

Korkanç¹

2020

Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi

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tarafından yaptırılmıştır. Bazı onarımlar görerek günümüze kadar gelen medrese, orijinal durumunun muhafaza etmekte olup, dönem medrese yapıları arasında en önemlilerinden birisidir. Yapı, Cumhuriyet döneminden itibaren farklı amaçlar için kullanılmaktadır (okul, müze deposu, kütüphane vb.). Bu tür yapıların korunması ve gelecek nesillere aktarılması için bakımlarının düzenli bir şekilde yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada yapıda kullanılan taşların jeomekanik özellikleri ve sorunlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmış olup, alınan üç örnek üzerinde taşların karakteristik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Yapıda temel seviyesine yakın kesimlerdeki yapı taşlarında zemin suyuna bağlı olarak önemli oranda bozunmalar gözlenmiştir. Anıtta restorasyon aşamasında gerçekleştirilen drenaj uygulamasından sonra da anıtın bazı kesimlerde zemin suyu ile ilişkili olarak renklenme, çiçeklenme ve taşın dayanımın azalması sonucunda yüzeysel ve bazı kesimlerde oldukça önemli miktarda taş kayıpları gözlenmiştir. Restorasyon uygulamalarında yörenin orijinal taşının kullanılmadığı belirlenmiş olup, yerine kullanılan restorasyon taşların özellikle kapiler bölgede bozunma sürecini hızlandırdığı belirlenmiştir.

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Integrated Concepts for the Protection of Cultural Artifacts Against Biodeterioration

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

An overview of techniques for the characterization and quantification of microbial colonization on stone monuments

An overview of techniques for the characterization and quantification of microbial colonization on stone monuments

Halophilic microbial communities in deteriorated buildings

Ak Medreseni̇n (Ni̇ğde) Yapiminda Kullanilan Taşlarin Mühendi̇sli̇k Özelli̇kleri̇ Ve Sorunlari

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