Integrated concentrations of growth hormone, insulin, C-peptide and prolactin in human obesity

Meistas, Mary T; Foster, G. V.; Margolis, Simeón; Kowarski, A. Avinoam

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(82)90008-7

Cited by 69 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Although GH is considered to be a major stimulus for IGF-1 synthesis, other substances, such as insulin, are capable of stimulating IGF-1 production. Therefore, normal or elevated levels of IGF-1 in obese patients may be related to the hyperinsulinemia present in this condition (30,31). In the present case, the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test performed 2 years after adrenalectomy (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

A Decrease in the Dose of Pegvisomant was Needed for the Treatment of Acromegaly after Adrenalectomy in a Patient with Coexisting Preclinical Cushing's Syndrome

et al. 2011

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We herein describe the case of a 47-year-old woman with pre-clinical Cushing's syndrome caused by a left adrenal adenoma, which was diagnosed 6 years after trans-sphenoidal selective removal of a pituitary adenoma for acromegaly at age 35. The patient was started on bromocriptine and then somatostatin analogues after the surgery; however, since her serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) values remained above the age-adjusted normal range, the treatment for acromegaly was switched from somatostatin analogues to pegvisomant (10 mg daily), before a left laparoscopic adrenalectomy. After the subsequent adrenalectomy, the dose of pegvisomant could be reduced gradually to once every 4 days without any increase in the serum IGF-1 values. This is the first report describing the need for a different dose of pegvisomant for the treatment of acromegaly before and after adrenalectomy for pre-clinical Cushing's syndrome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

A Decrease in the Dose of Pegvisomant was Needed for the Treatment of Acromegaly after Adrenalectomy in a Patient with Coexisting Preclinical Cushing's Syndrome

et al. 2011

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“…It has been shown that obesity associates with GH secretory dysfunction. A 24 h integrated concentrations of GH were lower in young, obese subjects than in young subjects who were lean (Meistas et al, 1982). Veldhuis et al (1991) examined the mechanisms underlying the reduced circulating GH concentrations in obese subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, voracity, and short stature: the impact of glutamate on the regulation of appetite

Hermanussen¹,

García

Sunder³

et al. 2005

Eur J Clin Nutr

108

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Background: World-wide obesity has risen to alarming levels. We present experimental support for a new and very challenging hypothesis linking obesity, voracity, and growth hormone (GH) deficiency, to the consumption of elevated amounts of the amino-acid glutamate (GLU). Supraphysiological doses of GLU are toxic for neuronal cells. Methods: Human data were obtained from 807 592 German conscripts born between 1974 and 1978, and from 1 432 368 women of the German birth statistics (deutsche Perinatalerhebung) 1995-1997. The effects of orally administered monosodium glutamate (MSG) were investigated in 30 pregnant Wistar rats and their offspring. Pregnant animals either received no extra MSG, or 2.5 g MSG, or 5 g MSG per day, up to the end of the weaning period. In all, 2.5 g, respectively 5 g, MSG accounted for some 10%, respectively 20%, of dry weight of the average daily food ration. After weaning, MSG feeding was continued in the offspring. Findings: Morbid obesity associates with short stature. Average stature of conscripts progressively declines when body mass index increases above 38 kg/m 2 . Also morbidly obese young women are shorter than average though to a lesser extent than conscripts. Oral administration of MSG to pregnant rats affects birth weight of the offspring. Maternal feeding with 5 g MSG per day results in severe birth weight reduction (Po0.01). Weight increments remain subnormal when MSG feeding to the mothers is maintained during weaning (Po0.01). GH serum levels are affected in animals that received MSG during prenatal life via maternal feeding. Animals that are kept on high MSG diet (5 g MSG per day) continue to show serum GH levels that are as low or even lower than those of MSG injected animals (Po0.05), both at day 30 and at day 90 of life. Animals that were kept on medium MSG diet (2.5 g MSG per day) showed low serum GH levels at day 30 of life (Po0.01), but seemed to partially recover before day 90. Almost identical results were observed in IGF-1 serum levels. Oral MSG resulted in dose dependent voracity. The animals fed 5 g MSG per day increased water uptake by threefold (Po0.01), and food uptake by almost two-fold (Po0.01). The influence of MSG is in general more marked in males than in females. Interpretation: GLU is a widely used nutritional substance that potentially exhibits significant neuronal toxicity. Voracity, and impaired GH secretion are the two major characteristics of parenterally administered GLU-induced neuronal damage. GLU maintains its toxicity in animals even when administered orally. Males appear to be more sensitive than females. The present study for the first time demonstrates, that a widely used nutritional monosubstance -the flavouring agent MSG -at concentrations that only slightly surpass those found in everyday human food, exhibits significant potential for damaging the hypothalamic regulation of appetite, and thereby determines the propensity of world-wide obesity. We suggest to reconsider the recommended daily allowances of amino acids and nutritional prot...

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“…Concentrations of both GH and IGF-1, a polypeptide that mediates the anabolic effect of GH, are lower in elderly people (Hammerman, 1987;Pavlov et al, 1986;Rudman, 1985 and decreases in GH have been observed with advancing age in adult male rhesus macaques (Wheeler et al, 1990). Decreased concentrations of GH also have been documented in both obese human beings and monkeys (Glass et al, 1981;Meistas et al, 1982;Dubey et al, 19881, and an inverse association of adiposity with IGF-1, independent of age, has been reported in the human population (Rudman et al, 1981;Copeland et al, 1990). The relationship between age-related somatic changes and IGF-1 has not been examined in nonhuman primates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Age‐ and gender‐related changes in body size, adiposity, and endocrine and metabolic parameters in free‐ranging rhesus macaques

Schwartz

Kemnitz

1992

American J Phys Anthropol

121

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Normative age- and gender-related changes in body composition, serum lipids, testosterone, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) were examined in the Cayo Santiago free-ranging rhesus macaques. In both adult males and females, body weights, crown-rump lengths, and circumference of the limbs were lowest in the oldest group (20+ years of age) as compared with other adult age classes. Body fat, as reflected in subcutaneous fatfold thickness and waist/thigh ratios, were higher in adult females than adult males. This gender dimorphism was first detectable among the 6-9 year old age group. Greatest body fat among females was observed in the 10-14 age group, whereas in males the highest values were observed in the 15-19 age group. Differences in body composition were also observed with respect to reproductive status. Although there were no gender differences in overall cholesterol levels, there were age-related differences between males and females, and only in males were cholesterol values positively related to adiposity. There were no age- or gender-related differences in triglyceride values, but levels were significantly higher in pregnant females in comparison with other reproductive states. Levels of testosterone were not significantly related to any morphometric parameter and values did not decrease significantly with age. Levels of IGF-1 exhibited a significant age-related decrease among adult males, and females had higher levels independent of age. The similarities between the present findings and human studies suggest that further studies in the free-ranging rhesus macaques would provide a bridge between studies of laboratory-housed primates and studies of human beings with respect to the etiology of obesity and life-history changes in body composition and endocrine and metabolic parameters.

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Integrated concentrations of growth hormone, insulin, C-peptide and prolactin in human obesity

Cited by 69 publications

References 36 publications

A Decrease in the Dose of Pegvisomant was Needed for the Treatment of Acromegaly after Adrenalectomy in a Patient with Coexisting Preclinical Cushing's Syndrome

A Decrease in the Dose of Pegvisomant was Needed for the Treatment of Acromegaly after Adrenalectomy in a Patient with Coexisting Preclinical Cushing's Syndrome

Obesity, voracity, and short stature: the impact of glutamate on the regulation of appetite

Age‐ and gender‐related changes in body size, adiposity, and endocrine and metabolic parameters in free‐ranging rhesus macaques

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