Integrated Cognitive Assessment: Speed and Accuracy of Visual Processing as a Reliable Proxy to Cognitive Performance

Khaligh‐Razavi, Seyed‐Mahdi; Habibi, Sina; Sadeghi, Maryam; Marefat, Haniye; Khanbagi, Mahdiyeh; Nabavi, Seyed Massood; Sadeghi, Elham; Kalafatis, Chris

doi:10.1101/335463

Cited by 11 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Compared to the old healthy individuals, animacy IPS was further delayed in MCI patients (onset of animacy decoding: 196ms ±16, peak animacy decoding: 473ms ±34 after the stimulus onset). These findings confirm a significant decrease in the speed of neural information processing in patients with MCI and are consistent with previous behavioral studies showing a decline in visual IPS in MCI patients compared to HC (Khaligh-Razavi et al 2019;Ruiz-Rizzo et al 2017). Together, these results suggest the IPS as a potential biomarker for the early detection of AD, along with memory symptoms or ideally before the onset of memory symptoms.…”

Section: Neural Speed Of Information Processing In MCI Patientssupporting

confidence: 92%

Temporal dynamics of animacy categorization in the brain of patients with mild cognitive impairment

Karimi¹,

Marefat²,

Khanbagi³

et al. 2020

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Electroencephalography (EEG) has been commonly used to measure brain alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, reported changes are limited to those obtained from using univariate measures, including activation level and frequency bands. To look beyond the activation level, we used multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to elicit the pattern of information processing from EEG responses to an animacy categorization task. Comparing healthy controls (HC) with patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we found that the neural speed of animacy information processing is decreased in MCI patients. Moreover, we found critical time-points during which the representational pattern of animacy for MCI patients was significantly discriminable from that of HC, while the activation level remained unchanged. Together, these results suggest that the speed and pattern of animacy information processing provide clinically useful information as a potential biomarker for detecting early changes in MCI and AD patients.

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Section: Neural Speed Of Information Processing In MCI Patientssupporting

confidence: 92%

Temporal dynamics of animacy categorization in the brain of patients with mild cognitive impairment

Karimi¹,

Marefat²,

Khanbagi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Comparing ICA with the electronic implementations of SDMT 50,51 , we would like to highlight two main differences: a) The ICA test takes advantage of an AI platform, thus the capacity to learn from big data and further fine tune its multidimensional classification boundaries when it comes to see new training cases. b) ICA did not show a learning bias in this study and a previous study 23 , as opposed to the learning bias reported for the iPad-based SDMT (i.e. PST) 50 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…We therefore designed an iPad-based rapid visual categorization task [20][21][22] , called the Integrated Cognitive Assessment (ICA), that primarily assesses IPS in visuo-motor domains. The task is designed to give a sensitive, repeatable measure of IPS, and is additionally shown to be correlated with other cognitive domains, such as visual memory and visuospatial 23 . The test is software-based, self-administered and is shown to have little dependency on participant's language, and is not confounded by participants' different level of education 23 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The task is designed to give a sensitive, repeatable measure of IPS, and is additionally shown to be correlated with other cognitive domains, such as visual memory and visuospatial 23 . The test is software-based, self-administered and is shown to have little dependency on participant's language, and is not confounded by participants' different level of education 23 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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A self-administered, artificial intelligence (AI) platform for cognitive assessment in multiple sclerosis (MS)

Khaligh‐Razavi¹,

Sadeghi

Khanbagi

et al. 2019

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Background Cognitive impairment is common in patients with MS. Accurate and repeatable measures of cognition have the potential to be used as a marker of disease activity. Methods We developed a 5-minute computerized test to measure cognitive dysfunction in patients with MS. The proposed test –named Integrated Cognitive Assessment (ICA)– is self-administered and language-independent. 91 MS patients and 83 healthy controls (HC) took part in substudy 1, in which each participant took the ICA test and the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS). We assessed ICA’s test-retest reliability, its correlation with BICAMS, its sensitivity to discriminate patients with MS from the HC group, and its accuracy in detecting cognitive dysfunction. In substudy 2, we recruited 48 MS patients, and examined the association between the level of serum neurofilament light (NfL) in these patients and their ICA scores. Results ICA demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (r=0.94), with no learning bias (i.e. no significant practice effect); and had high level of convergent validity with BICAMS. ICA was sensitive in discriminating the MS patients from the HC group, and demonstrated a high accuracy (AUC = 95%) in discriminating cognitively normal from cognitively impaired participants. Additionally, we found a strong association (r=-0.79) between ICA score and the level of NfL in MS patients. Conclusions ICA has the potential to be used as a digital biomarker for assessment and monitoring of cognitive performance in MS patients. In comparison to standard cognitive tools for MS (e.g. BICAMS), ICA is shorter in duration, does not show a learning bias, is independent of language, and takes advantage of artificial intelligence (AI) to identify cognitive status of patients more accurately. Being a digital test, it further has the potential for easier electronic health record or research database integration.

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“…com) is a 5-min, self-administered, iPad-based, computerized cognitive assessment. It has been validated in patients with Mild-AD, MCI and multiple sclerosis and licensed as Software as Medical Device (SaMD) (51,52). The ICA is a rapid image categorization task that measures attentional speed, accuracy and attentional speed and accuracy decay over time.…”

Section: Device-basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Remote Memory Clinics to Enhance Clinical Care During and After COVID-19

et al. 2020

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Social isolation is likely to be recommended for older adults due to COVID-19, with ongoing reduced clinical contact suggested for this population. This has increased the need for remote memory clinics, we therefore review the literature, current practices and guidelines on organizing such remote memory clinics, focusing on assessment of cognition, function and other relevant measurements, proposing a novel pathway based on three levels of complexity: simple telephone or video-based interviews and testing using available tests (Level 1), digitized and validated methods based on standard pen-and-paper tests and scales (Level 2), and finally fully digitized cognitive batteries and remote measurement technologies (RMTs, Level 3). Pros and cons of these strategies are discussed. Remotely collected data negates the need for frail patients or carers to commute to clinic and offers valuable insights into progression over time, as well as treatment responses to therapeutic interventions, providing a more realistic and contextualized environment for data-collection. Notwithstanding several challenges related to internet access, computer skills, limited evidence base and regulatory and data protection issues, digital biomarkers collected remotely have significant potential for diagnosis and symptom management in older adults and we propose a framework and pathway for how technologies can be implemented to support remote memory clinics. These platforms are also well-placed for administration of digital cognitive training and other interventions. The individual, societal and public/private costs of COVID-19 are high and will continue to rise for some time but the challenges the pandemic has placed on memory services also provides an opportunity to embrace novel approaches. Remote memory clinics' financial, logistical, clinical and practical benefits have been highlighted by COVID-19, supporting their use to not only be maintained when social distancing legislation is lifted but to be devoted extra resources and attention to fully potentiate this valuable arm of clinical assessment and care.

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Integrated Cognitive Assessment: Speed and Accuracy of Visual Processing as a Reliable Proxy to Cognitive Performance

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

Temporal dynamics of animacy categorization in the brain of patients with mild cognitive impairment

Temporal dynamics of animacy categorization in the brain of patients with mild cognitive impairment

A self-administered, artificial intelligence (AI) platform for cognitive assessment in multiple sclerosis (MS)

Implementing Remote Memory Clinics to Enhance Clinical Care During and After COVID-19

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