Integrated Coastal Reserve Planning: Making the Land-Sea Connection

Stoms, David M.; Davis, Frank W.; Andelman, Sandy J.; Carr, Mark H.; Gaines, Steven D.; Halpern, Benjamin S.; Hoenicke, Rainer; Leibowitz, Scott G.; Leydecker, Al; Madin, Elizabeth M. P.; Tallis, Heather; Warner, Robert R.

doi:10.2307/3868659

Cited by 34 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Identifying shared patterns and processes will therefore underwrite the modern practice of considering marine protected areas (MPAs) and MPA networks as analogues of terrestrial parks and corridors (e.g. Carr et al 2003) and will benefit integrated conservation strategies (Stoms et al 2005). Better understanding of factors that influence connectivity in aerial and marine plankton may lead to shared approaches (e.g.…”

Section: Unified Solutions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

A biophysical perspective on dispersal and the geography of evolution in marine and terrestrial systems

Dawson

Hamner

2007

J. R. Soc. Interface.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The fluid mechanics of marine and terrestrial systems are surprisingly similar at many spatial and temporal scales. Not surprisingly, the dispersal of organisms that float, swim or fly is influenced by the fluid environments of air and seawater. Nonetheless, it has been argued repeatedly that the geography of evolution differs fundamentally between marine and terrestrial taxa. Might this view emanate from qualitative contrasts between the pelagic ocean and terrestrial land conflated by anthropocentric perception of within-and betweenrealm variation? We draw on recent advances in biogeography to identify two pairs of biophysically similar marine and terrestrial settings-(i) aerial and marine microplankton and (ii) true islands and brackish seawater lakes-which have similar geographies of evolution. Commonalities at these scales, the largest and smallest biogeographic scales, delimit the geographical extents that can possibly characterize evolution in the remaining majority of species. The geographies of evolution therefore differ statistically, not fundamentally, between marine and terrestrial systems. Comparing the geography of evolution in diverse non-microplanktonic and non-island species from a biophysical perspective is an essential next step for quantifying precisely how marine and terrestrial systems differ and is an important yet under-explored avenue of macroecology.

show abstract

Section: Unified Solutions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

A biophysical perspective on dispersal and the geography of evolution in marine and terrestrial systems

Dawson

Hamner

2007

J. R. Soc. Interface.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Despite our understanding of runoff processes and ecosystem effects, and a robust literature on land-sea conservation planning and integrated coastal management (Cicin-Sain and Belfiore, 2005;Stoms et al, 2005;Klein et al, 2010;Álvarez-Romero et al, 2011), it remains difficult to determine whether landsea planning should be included within the scope of a given marine conservation project or management initiative (although see Tallis et al, 2008). Pressures on marine ecosystems that originate on land are uniquely difficult to address, because they require cooperation across agencies, industries, and communities that often do not work together or even communicate (Álvarez-Romero et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where Does River Runoff Matter for Coastal Marine Conservation?

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Excess sediment and nutrient runoff from land-based human activities are considered serious threats to coastal and marine ecosystems by most conservation practitioners, resource managers, fishers, and other "downstream" resource users. Deleterious consequences of coastal runoff, including eutrophication and hypoxia, have been observed worldwide. Literature on integrated coastal management offers numerous methods to address land-based activities that generate runoff, but many of these approaches are time-and resource-intensive. Often, high-level conservation managers have few tools to aid in decisions about whether land-based threats that generate runoff are of sufficient concern to warrant further investment in planning and management interventions. To address this decision-making process, we present a decision tree that uses geophysical and ecological characteristics to sort any marine coastal ecosystem into a category of high, moderate, low, or minimal risk from the land-based threats of nutrient and sediment runoff. By identifying situations where runoff could influence biodiversity or ecosystem services, the decision tree assists managers in making informed, and standardized decisions about when and where to invest further efforts in integrated land-sea planning. We ground-truth the decision tree by evaluating it in five very different regions and conclude the tree classifies regions similarly to the existing literature that is available, but based on less information. Recognizing that the decision tree only encompasses environmental variables, we also discuss approaches for interpreting the decision tree's outputs in local social and economic contexts. The tree provides a tool for conservation managers to decide whether the scope of their work should include land-sea planning.

show abstract

“…(2015)). Despite the connected nature of land and sea environments, decisions for land development typically ignore cross-system interactions, and the environmental degradation to marine ecosystems and resources caused by changing land-use (Crowder et al 2006;Stoms et al 2005). This is because policy makers often treat land and sea ecosystems as separate values, and subsequently coastal resource management decisions for land and sea environments are made independently by 85 different sectors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditional approaches to conservation planning are often stressor-based, using spatial representations of threatening processes (threat maps) to inform decisions about where to manage for biodiversity conservation and what actions to take (Salafsky et al 2003). However, these approaches can be narrowly focused on conservation objectives alone, ignoring interactions between systems, species and stressors, which can lead to suboptimal outcomes (Stoms et al 2005). Rather than focusing on stressor-based objectives alone, such as reducing fishing, decision theory advocates a move towards outcome-oriented approaches for whole-system management, such as maximising reef health whilst minimising impact on fisheries productivity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But managing for connected land and sea systems is hard. Despite the connected nature of many coastal environments, decisions for coastal resource management are often made independently by different sectors that ignore cross-realm interactions (Beger et al 2010;Crowder et al 2006;Stoms et al 2005). A key issue for effective coastal planning is ensuring land-sea interactions are considered, particularly in regions where land-use change is occurring.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Managing direct and indirect threats to marine ecosystems to balance multiple objectives

Tulloch¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human activities affecting the environment are intensifying. In marine ecosystems, direct stressors of overfishing and habitat destruction have led to biodiversity declines, prompting calls for conservation action and more sustainable resource management. Managing stressors becomes more challenging when stressors interact, or are indirect, whereby the source of the threatening activity is displaced from impacts, such as the localised effects of global warming, or runoff from land-use change degrading coral reefs. Effective management requires improved understanding of ecosystem responses to multiple stressors and consideration of interactions between stressors and species.Opposing objectives and outcomes of marine conservation (i.e. reducing stressors) versus resource management (often increasing stressors) compromise effective decision-making. Approaches are needed that include ecological and socio-economic information to promote long-term sustainability of extractive uses, protect functioning ecosystems, and conserve biodiversity. The choice of tool used to inform ecosystem management is typically constrained by management goals and available resources -spatial planning is typically used for conservation, whereas resource management relies more on population modelling.The goal of this thesis is to harness spatial and population modelling techniques to combine resource management with biodiversity conservation and link direct and indirect stressors to marine biodiversity persistence. Chapter 1 provides the context for the thesis, where I explore these themes and outline differences in decision-making for conservation versus extraction. In Chapter 2, I explore how agencies have managed stressors to date, and show that a decision-theoretic approach known as "structured decision-making" (SDM) is a more logical and effective way of managing stressors than traditional approaches that map threats. SDM requires clear objectives, canvassing of alternative management options, and linking outcomes for biodiversity to the effectiveness of each management option. SDM ensures that conservation actions occur where they are the most cost-efficient or effective. I apply recommendations from Chapter 2 in two case studies for managing multiple stressors to marine ecosystems: 1) spatial planning for oil palm agriculture and coral reef fisheries in Papua New Guinea (Chapters 3 and 4), and 2) managing whale species affected by harvesting, climate change and krill population dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere (Chapters 5 and 6).In Chapter 3 I combine ecosystem models and threat maps with spatial conservation planning to predict responses of coral and seagrass ecosystems to changing land uses. My novel framework identifies high priority areas for marine reserves whilst accounting for indirect impacts of land use change such as oil palm development and uncertainty in future stressor intensities. I demonstrate ii how we can reduce adverse impacts of oil palm expansion and make more effective whole-ofsystem decisions for coasta...

show abstract

Integrated Coastal Reserve Planning: Making the Land-Sea Connection

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

A biophysical perspective on dispersal and the geography of evolution in marine and terrestrial systems

A biophysical perspective on dispersal and the geography of evolution in marine and terrestrial systems

Where Does River Runoff Matter for Coastal Marine Conservation?

Managing direct and indirect threats to marine ecosystems to balance multiple objectives

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About