Integrated chip-scale THz technology

Wanke, Michael Clement; Lee, Mark; Nordquist, Christopher; Cich, Michael Joseph; Cavaliere, M. A.; Rowen, Adam M.; Gillen, James R.; Lew, Arrington, Christian; Grine, Albert D.; Fuller, Charles T.; Reno, John L.

doi:10.1117/12.883612

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…[15,16] Such a monolithically integrated THz heterodyne receiver, or THz transceiver, allows for direct measurement of the difference frequency signal generated by mixing of cavity Fabry-Perot (F-P) modes, heterodyne reception of and mixing with an external THz source, [15] locking of the F-P mode difference frequency via a phase-locked loop, characterization of the absolute frequency stability, [16] observation of feedback from an external cavity, and imaging via a feedback mechanism. [17] Previous measurements on integrated THz transceivers focused on the difference frequency generated by mixing of two or more distinct THz modes, but exactly how the laser coupled to the diode to produce the beat frequency was not fully understood. The difference frequency between internal F-P QCL modes has also been observed in QCLs without an integrated diode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rectified diode response of a multimode quantum cascade laser integrated terahertz transceiver

Dyer¹,

Norquist²,

Cich³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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We characterized the DC transport response of a diode embedded in a THz quantum cascade laser as the laser current was changed. The overall response is described by parallel contributions from the rectification of the laser field due to the non-linearity of the diode I-V and from thermally activated transport. Sudden jumps in the diode response when the laser changes from single mode to multi-mode operation, with no corresponding jumps in output power, suggest that the coupling between the diode and laser field depends on the spatial distribution of internal fields. The results demonstrate conclusively that the internal laser field couples directly to the integrated diode.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rectified diode response of a multimode quantum cascade laser integrated terahertz transceiver

Dyer¹,

Norquist²,

Cich³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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“…So far, the peculiarity of detecting light with a QCL has mainly been used to do self-mixing imaging using the signal reflected on some object and fed back in the same laser. 27,[30][31][32][33] This so-called self-mixing has also been used to probe fundamental characteristics of QCLs. 26,34,35 In an other experiment, the feedback from a Fourier-Transform Interferometer (FTIR) was used to probe the comb characteristics of a THz QCL.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On-chip, self-detected terahertz dual-comb source

Rösch

Scalari

Villares

et al. 2016

Applied Physics Letters

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We present a directly generated on-chip dual-comb source at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The multi-heterodyne beating signal of two free-running THz quantum cascade laser frequency combs is measured electrically using one of the combs as a detector, fully exploiting the unique characteristics of quantum cascade active regions. Up to 30 modes can be detected corresponding to a spectral bandwidth of 630 GHz, being the available bandwidth of the dual comb configuration. The multi-heterodyne signal is used to investigate the equidistance of the comb modes showing an accuracy of 10−12 at the carrier frequency of 2.5 THz.

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“…Gallium Nitride (GaN) innovation is typically regarded for high-power applications among others [208]. Photonic devices are being used to originate and identify terahertz frequency radiation [209]- [212].…”

Section: Antenna For Em Nanocommunicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Nanocommunication Networks: Principles, Applications, and Challenges

Kabir¹,

Islam

Shrestha

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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Nanoscale devices, also called nanomachines, form communication networks and cooperate with each other so that they can be used to perform complicated tasks. Such networks of nanodevices, named nanonetworks, envisioned to serve the functionality and performance of today's Internet. This paper presents a comparative review of the state-of-the-art electromagnetic (EM) nanonetworks highlighting their potentials and challenges in a comprehensive manner. We first introduce the promising areas of applications of nanonetworks; therein, we explain how it can be useful in biomedical fields, environmental domains, consumer products, military systems, and on-chip wireless communications. Then, the survey focuses on the basic principles of fundamental physical layer issues enabling nanonetworks; the discussion includes frequency bands, modulation and demodulation, and EM properties of nanoparticles. Subsequently, the study provides an overview of transmission characteristics including channels, channel coding, and energy constraint nature of nanonetworks. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth discussion on nanoantenna highlighting its variants and their characteristics; give an overview of network layer issues; and discuss the security issues in EM nanonetworks. The study argues that despite the significant recent development of EM communication as one of the most desired modes of nano communications, the limited capabilities of nanomachines introduce a new set of challenges and unique requirements and pose unseen characteristics that need to be deliberately addressed. On that, the review finally provides a critical discussion on the applicability of EM mode for nano communication networks highlighting the future challenges with a set of perspectives of possible solutions. Molecular communications, electromagnetic communications, nanonetworks, terahertz (THz), nanoantenna, applications of EM nanocommunication, challenges of EM nanocommunication. INDEX TERMS

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Integrated chip-scale THz technology

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Rectified diode response of a multimode quantum cascade laser integrated terahertz transceiver

Rectified diode response of a multimode quantum cascade laser integrated terahertz transceiver

On-chip, self-detected terahertz dual-comb source

Electromagnetic Nanocommunication Networks: Principles, Applications, and Challenges

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