Integrated catalytic sequences for catalytic upgrading of bio-derived carboxylic acids to fuels, lubricants and chemical feedstocks

Abstract

We describe catalytic sequences for converting biomass-derived carboxylic acids, to fuels and lubricants that are compatible with the existing energy infrastructure.

Selectivity tuning over monometallic and bimetallic dehydrogenation catalysts: effects of support and particle size

“…The former was connected to a packed column (3.3 m, 3.175 mm OD, HayeSep Q filling -Restek) and the latter to a capillary column (HP-1, 50 m × 1.05 um × 0.32 mm). In a typical experiment, prior to reaction, the catalysts were mixed with silica gel in a 10 : 1 ratio by mass and treated in a 10% H 2 /He mixture, flowing at 100 ml min −1 for 1 h. Following that, the reactants were introduced, either mixtures of acetone, butanol and ethanol (ABE mixture; acetone : butanol : ethanol = 3 : 6 : 1 ratio by mass) 8 or butyraldehyde. Typical space velocity values ranged from 0.5 to 5 h −1 .…”

“…[1][2][3] A significant portion of bio-derived feedstocks are oxygenated molecules, and hence, catalytic reactions involving upgrading of such platform molecules have recently garnered great attention. [4][5][6][7][8] Direct hydrodeoxygenation of platform molecules affords C 5 and C 6 molecules, which are suitable for blending with gasoline. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, the production of higher value-added products in the jet and diesel range requires the lengthening of the molecular carbon chain length.…”

Process Design and Economics for the Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrocarbon Fuels and Coproducts: 2018 Biochemical Design Case Update; Biochemical Deconstruction and Conversion of Biomass to Fuels and Products via Integrated Biorefinery Pathways

“…Catalytic Upgrading: Acids The recovered butyric acid exiting the column is re-pressurized to atmospheric pressure then routed to the catalytic upgrading process. This three-step conversion process consists first of acid condensation/ketonization, followed by ketone condensation to higher molecular weight enones, and finally upgrading of enone intermediates to drop-in hydrocarbon fuels [99]. The additional condensation step allows the pathway to target diesel-and jet-fuel range branched hydrocarbons with a blendstock in the 14-carbon chain length range.…”

Branched Bio‐Lubricant Base Oil Production through Aldol Condensation

“…[4,6] To mitigate these challenges, promising renewable alternatives from bio-derived feedstocks have gained momentum. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Bio-based feedstocks can result in a nearly "closed carbon balance" through CO 2 capture during photosynthesis and have unique functional groups that enable site-specific chemistries during processing.…”