Integrated Biomarkers for Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Critical Review

Wenzler, Sofia; Knöchel, Christian; Balaban, Ceylan; Kraft, Dominik; Kopf, Juliane; Alves, Gilberto Sousa; Prvulovic, David; Carvalho, André F.; Oertel-Knöchel, Viola

doi:10.2174/1567205013666160603011256

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Determining the mechanisms that account for preferential differences in treatment response will enable future treatment strategies to exploit alternative pathways and molecular players in subsets of patients who do not respond to conventional medications. Moreover, since VGF has diverse roles in the hippocampus, including learning and memory [1,45,46], and is associated with impaired memory and Alzheimer’s Disease [11,12,66,67], it will also be important in future studies to explore the role of the VGF SNPs in neurodegenerative diseases as has been done for Val66Met BDNF polymorphism [68,69]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptide VGF Promotes Maturation of Hippocampal Dendrites That Is Reduced by Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Behnke

Cheedalla

Bhatt

et al. 2017

IJMS

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The neuropeptide VGF (non-acronymic) is induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as synaptic activity. However, morphological changes induced by VGF have not been elucidated. Developing hippocampal neurons were exposed to VGF through bath application or virus-mediated expression in vitro. VGF-derived peptide, TLQP-62, enhanced dendritic branching, and outgrowth. Furthermore, VGF increased dendritic spine density and the proportion of immature spines. Spine formation was associated with increased synaptic protein expression and co-localization of pre- and postsynaptic markers. Three non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected in human VGF gene. Transfection of N2a cells with plasmids containing these SNPs revealed no relative change in protein expression levels and normal protein size, except for a truncated protein from the premature stop codon, E525X. All three SNPs resulted in a lower proportion of N2a cells bearing neurites relative to wild-type VGF. Furthermore, all three mutations reduced the total length of dendrites in developing hippocampal neurons. Taken together, our results suggest VGF enhances dendritic maturation and that these effects can be altered by common mutations in the VGF gene. The findings may have implications for people suffering from psychiatric disease or other conditions who may have altered VGF levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptide VGF Promotes Maturation of Hippocampal Dendrites That Is Reduced by Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Behnke

Cheedalla

Bhatt

et al. 2017

IJMS

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“…Besides biomarkers, neuroimaging approaches provide a noninvasive and precise assessment of neuronal function [ 72 ]. The most common efficient techniques include functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magneto-encephalography (MEG), electroencephalography (EEG), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) [ 73 ]. Computerized diagnostic tools examine the cerebral neurodegeneration pattern from the images to diagnose AD.…”

Section: Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends in Active and Passive Immunotherapies of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alshamrani

2023

Antibodies

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In the elderly, a debilitating condition known as dementia, which is a major health concern, is caused by Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Despite promising advances by researchers, there is currently no way to completely cure this devastating disease. It is illustrated by the deposition of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) plaques that are followed by neural dysfunction and cognitive decline. Responses against AD activate an immune system that contributes to and accelerates AD pathogenesis. Potential efforts in the field of pathogenesis have prompted researchers to explore novel therapies such as active and passive vaccines against Aβ proteins (Aβ immunotherapy), intravenous immunoglobulin, and tau immunotherapy, as well as targets that include microglia and several cytokines for the treatment of AD. Aims are now underway by experts to begin immunotherapies before the clinical manifestation, which is made possible by improving the sensitivity of biomarkers used for the diagnosis of AD to have better outcome measures. This review provides an overview of approved immunotherapeutic strategies for AD and those currently being investigated in clinical trials. We examine their mechanisms of action and discuss the potential perspectives and challenges associated with immunotherapies for AD.

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“…In addition to current treatment targets of cholinergic and serotonergic systems in Alzheimer' s disease and depression, they share some other pathophysiological features such as disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammation and oxidative stress (74). However, it is not clear whether these disorders are reasons or consequences.…”

Section: Cholinergic Alterations Happen In Depression and Alzheimer'smentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Roles of Cholinergic and Serotonergic Systems

Demir

Tutuk

Doğan

et al. 2019

Alzheimer’s Disease

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Although depression and Alzheimer' s disease fundamentally result from distinct pathophysiological events, their coincidence is far from a rare occurrence. In addition to the difficulty in the diagnosis of depression in the patients with a cognitive impairment, care givers and even physicians are mostly unaware that depression and Alzheimer' s disease can coexist. While depression has already a devastating impact on quality of life by itself, coinciding depression and Alzheimer' s disease may advance to a cataclysmic magnitude. This chapter underlines obstacles in the recognition of depression in the Alzheimer' s patients following a brief introduction to the concept of depression. Depression and Alzheimer' s disease appear to intersect in the cholinergic and serotonergic systems which may engender an exquisite strategy in the treatment of both disorders. Therefore, potential cholinergic and serotonergic targets are also emphasized.

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Integrated Biomarkers for Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Critical Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Neuropeptide VGF Promotes Maturation of Hippocampal Dendrites That Is Reduced by Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Neuropeptide VGF Promotes Maturation of Hippocampal Dendrites That Is Reduced by Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Recent Trends in Active and Passive Immunotherapies of Alzheimer’s Disease

Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Roles of Cholinergic and Serotonergic Systems

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