Integrated assessments call for establishing a sustainable meta-population of Amur tigers in northeast Asia

Qi, Jianzhao; Gu, Jiayin; Yao, Ning; Miquelle, Dale G.; Holyoak, Marcel; Wen, Dusu; Liang, Xiaobo; Liu, Shuyan; Roberts, Nathan James; Yang, Eryan; Lang, Jianmin; Wang, Fuyou; Li, Cheng; Liang, Zhuo; Liu, Peiqi; Ren, Yi; Zhou, Shaochun; Zhang, Minghai; Ma, Jingyun; Chang, Jiang; Jiang, Guangshun

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109250

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…About 166 Amur tigers can survive in this area in the future (Qi et al 2021). While roe deer Capreolus pygargus are the most abundant ungulate prey in this area, the wild boar, which is preferred by the Amur tiger, is relatively scarce (Qi et al 2021). Wild boar population densities were 0.16–0.44 individuals km −2 (Qi et al 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The weather is characterized by long cold winters and short hot summers. About 166 Amur tigers can survive in this area in the future (Qi et al 2021). While roe deer Capreolus pygargus are the most abundant ungulate prey in this area, the wild boar, which is preferred by the Amur tiger, is relatively scarce (Qi et al 2021).…”

Section: Study Area and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological relationships among habitat type, food nutrients, parasites and hormones in wild boar Sus scrofa during winter

Liu

Hou

et al. 2022

Wildlife Biology

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Habitat quality and parasite assembly influence wildlife health, and they are key indicators of health and survivability of wildlife populations. To investigate the potential ecological relationships among habitat type, food nutrients, parasites and hormones in wild boar Sus scrofa, we collected samples of wild boar feces and available plants in their habitat by line transects during winter. Along transects, we identified the composition of plants foraged by wild boar and measured the content of nutrients in available plants to estimate nutrient intake. We also quantified parasites and hormones in wild boar fecal samples. We compared food nutrients among different forest types and explored possible relationships among estimated nutrient intake, parasites and hormones. We found coniferous forest had positive effects on estimated fat intake and negative effects on estimated protein and fiber intake by wild boar. Furthermore, we revealed that estimated fat intake was negatively correlated with Metastrongylus elongatus parasites and positively correlated with triiodothyronine (T3). In contrast, estimated protein intake was positively correlated with M. elongatus and negatively correlated with T3. Finally, we found negative relationships between T3 concentrations and loads of Ascaris suum parasites and between cortisol (COR) and loads of Trichuris suis parasites. These insights on ecological relationships help identify potential dietary parameters in winter that could help predict and manage parasite and hormone responses for wild boar population recovery.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Area and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological relationships among habitat type, food nutrients, parasites and hormones in wild boar Sus scrofa during winter

Liu

Hou

et al. 2022

Wildlife Biology

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“…However, since 2019, water deer has been frequently reported in the boundary area between China, Russia, and North Korea, areas where there are no earlier formal records of this species [ 12 ]. In the newly occupied areas, in the lower Tumen River basin in China and in the Russian Far East, there are still many wild areas with relatively low human impact [ 13 ]. As herbivores, water deer contributes to ecosystem functions, and they can be a potential prey for big cats such as tigers and leopards in the national parks in the boundary area between China and Russia [ 12 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of range expansion and estimation of dispersal routes of water deer (Hydropotes inermis) in the transboundary region between China, the Russian Far East and the Korean Peninsula

Liu

Peng

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Global changes may direct species expansion away from their current range. When such an expansion occurs, and the species colonizes a new region, it is important to monitor the habitat used by the species and utilize the information to updated management strategies. Water deer (Hydropotes inermis) is listed as Vulnerable species in IUCN Red List and is restricted to east central China and the Korean Peninsula. Since 2017, water deer has expanded its range towards northeast China and the Russian Far East. The objective of our study is to provide support for a better understanding of habitat use and provide suggestions for developing conservation strategy. We collected occurrence data in northeast China and the Russian Far East during 2017–2021. We used MaxEnt to predict habitat suitability for water deer and applied Circuitscape to determine possible dispersal routes for the species. We used seven environmental variables, viz., altitude, slope, aspect, distance to built-up area, distance to water source, distance to cropland and distance to roads for habitat suitability prediction. We chose the MaxEnt model (AICc = 2572.86) suitable for our data with the AUC value result of 0.935±0.014. There is good quality habitat for water deer in the boundary area of the Yalu and Tumen River estuaries between China, North Korea, and the Russian Far East, as well as the east and west regions of the Korean Peninsula. We identified three main suitable habitat patches, two of them located in east (NK2) and west (NK3) North Korea, and one in the newly colonized area downstream of the Tumen River along the border of China, Russia, and North Korea (TM1). Elevation, distance to cropland and water sources, and presence of wetlands were the variables that positively contributed to modelling the suitable habitats. Two possible dispersal routes were determined using the circuit theory, one was across the area from North Korea to the downstream Tumen transboundary region (Route B), and the other was across North Korea to the boundary region in China and along the tiger national park in northern China (Route A). A series of protected areas in North Korea, China, and Russia may support the dispersal of water deer. From the study on water deer dispersal, we can understand the existing ecological network in northeast Asia, which will benefit the whole landscape and biodiversity conservation. However, there are many threats present, and there is need for continued monitoring inside and outside the protected areas. Information sharing with stakeholders and carrying out local communities awareness activities are important. The establishment of a Northeast Asia landscape conservation network would help establish monitoring and conservation planning at a broad scale, and this study provides an example of the need for such a network.

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“…NTLNP is adjacent to the Land of Leopard National Park in Southwestern Primorsky Krai, Russia, the only distribution area for Amur leopards in Russia and where a small isolated population of Amur tigers also occur (Feng et al, 2017; Miquelle et al, 2010). NTLNP exists in the Laoyeling landscape, and while there is also a small area of Amur tiger habitat in the north of Laoyeling that is connected to NTLNP, the area is isolated from the three other Amur tiger habitats in China (Qi et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The establishment of NTLNP aims to achieve the stable development of these large felids in China, and reconcile the conservation of wild animals and human development (Northeast Tiger Leopard National Park, 2016). At present, this park encompasses the core areas occupied by 89% of all Amur tigers and all leopard individuals in China, including the only stable breeding habitat of these large felids in China (Jiang et al, 2015; Qi et al, 2021). However, although NTLNP is clearly important for developing and delivering long‐term conservation goals for the establishment of sustainable wildlife populations and providing a model for other landscapes in China (e.g., Changbai Mountains; Qi et al, 2021), up to now, there is still no scientific assessment report on the conservation potentials and limitations for the two big cats in this national park.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation potentials and limitations of large carnivores in protected areas: A case study in Northeast China

Wen

Long

et al. 2022

Conservat Sci and Prac

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Protected areas are considered the cornerstone of endangered wildlife conservation. However, quantified conservation potentials and limitations of large carnivores in protected areas are lacking. In the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park (NTLNP) in China, our camera trap survey in 2019 found 26-27 adult Amur tigers and 49-59 adult Amur leopards occurring in the park. Based on spatial area, current prey populations, and environmental carrying capacity of prey, we estimated the supportable number of tigers to be 55, 90, and 101 individuals, respectively. For leopard, these values were 95, 356, and 572, respectively. Further simulations indicated that human land use change

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Integrated assessments call for establishing a sustainable meta-population of Amur tigers in northeast Asia

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

Ecological relationships among habitat type, food nutrients, parasites and hormones in wild boar Sus scrofa during winter

Ecological relationships among habitat type, food nutrients, parasites and hormones in wild boar Sus scrofa during winter

Prediction of range expansion and estimation of dispersal routes of water deer (Hydropotes inermis) in the transboundary region between China, the Russian Far East and the Korean Peninsula

Conservation potentials and limitations of large carnivores in protected areas: A case study in Northeast China

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