Integrated Approaches to Long-TermStudies of Urban Ecological Systems

Grimm, Nancy B.; Grove, J. Morgan; Pickett, Steward T. A.; Redman, Charles L.

doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0571:iatlto]2.0.co;2

Cited by 892 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, as the stratification of these soil variables did not relate to park age, our third hypothesis is not supported. Similarly, our results do not corroborate predictions of prevailing urban ecological theory that processes in urban green spaces are strongly controlled by socio-ecological actions (Grimm et al, 2000;Pickett et al, 2001;Alberti, 2008), and as such should differ from those of more natural systems.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Prevailing urban ecological "theory" suggests that processes in urban green spaces, driven by socio-ecological actions (Grimm et al, 2000;Pickett et al, 2001;Alberti, 2008), should differ from those of more natural systems. Consequently, we predict that the biogeochemistry of the soil, even in old urban parks, differs from that of nearby natural boreal forest habitats of similar age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vegetation Type and Age Drive Changes in Soil Properties, Nitrogen, and Carbon Sequestration in Urban Parks under Cold Climate

et al. 2016

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Urban green spaces provide ecosystem properties fundamental to the provision of ecosystem services, such as the sequestration of carbon and nutrients and serving as a reservoir for organic matter. Although, urban vegetation influences soil physico-chemical properties, it remains unknown whether ecosystem properties depend on plant species portfolios. We tested the influence of three common functional plant groups (evergreen trees, deciduous trees, grass/lawn) for their ability to modify soils in parks of various ages under cold climatic conditions in Finland. We hypothesized that (i) plant functional groups affect soils differently resulting in divergent ecosystem properties, and (ii) that these ecosystem properties also depend on park age. We included 41 urban parks of varying ages (10, 50, and >100 years) and additional control forests. Park soils were sampled for physico-chemical parameters up to 50 cm depth. Our data indicate that plant functional groups modify soils differently, especially between the evergreen and lawn treatments at 50 and >100 year old parks. Soils under evergreen trees had the lowest pH and generally the highest percentage organic matter, percentage total carbon and percentage total nitrogen. Soil pH remained the same, whereas concentrations of organic matter, total carbon and total nitrogen declined by depth. Soils in the reference forests had lower pH but higher percentages organic matter, total carbon, and total nitrogen than those in parks. We estimate that old parks with evergreen trees can store 35.5 and 2.3 kg N m −2 -considerably more than in urban soils in warmer climates. Our data suggest that plant-soil interactions in urban parks, in spite of being constructed environments, are surprisingly similar to those in natural forests.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation Type and Age Drive Changes in Soil Properties, Nitrogen, and Carbon Sequestration in Urban Parks under Cold Climate

et al. 2016

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“…Insect outbreaks have been observed in the surroundings of polluted industrial areas and along highways (Holopainen, 2002). According to Grimm et al, (2000), human actions dramatically altered the functioning of ecosystems of which humans are a part, and equally, humans are a part of virtually all ecosystems and have been so for millennia. Nowhere has this human participation been more intense than in cities, suburbs, and exurbs and in the supporting hinterlands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethological Study of Flower Visiting Insects in Two Parks, Kolkata, India

Sarkar¹,

Nandy

Talapatra

2014

ILNS

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Flower visiting insects attract by the flowers colour, shape, size and fragrance as pollinator. This is a mutual relationship between flowers and insects. The present study aims to know behavioural response or ethology of flower visiting insect in relation to particular flower and/or probable atmospheric changes in two managed parks, Kolkata, India. The study areas were selected as per heavily-populated neighborhoods, nearby office buildings, nearby roads and continuous vehicular movements, human interactions as visitors. The study was carried out at 2 sampling stations viz (i) Elliot park and (ii) Agri-Horticulture Society. The flower species were selected viz. Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Petunia sp. (petunia) and Buganvilia spectabilis (Buganvilia) planting above mentioned areas because these species are more common among other species. In each flower, behavioural response or ethology of visiting insects were studied by visual observation and total 10 flowers of each species were observed randomly. The present results clearly indicate that various insects were majorly showed foraging and feeding behaviour and only mating behaviour was found in two species. This study is a preliminary assessment of flower visiting insects' ethology but further researches are needed in relation to pollination efficiencies of flower visiting insects in the particular flower and air pollution load nearby area by using instruments. It was concluded that insect visitors are showing foraging and feeding behavior but only two species were showed mating behaviour, which may be due to the vehicular air pollution because two parks are located nearby roads and continuous vehicular movements were observed.

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“…C'està la fin des années 1990 que de nombreux auteurs ont commencéà souligner l'importance d'un renforcement desétudes sur les zones urbaines et de développer des approches intégrées afin de comprendre les rapports entre les villes et leurs environnements [13,14]. La majeure partie de ces initiatives ont vu le jour en Amérique du Nord et en Europe de l'Ouest, parmi les travaux les plus connus on peut notamment citer ceux de Nancy Grimm et de Jiango Wu dans la ville de Phoenix (USA, Arizona), de Stewart Pickettà Baltimore (USA, Maryland), de Marina Albertià Seattle (USA, Washington), de Jari Niemelä en Finlande et, pour la France, ceux de Philippe Clergeau (écologue), Nathalie Blanc (géographe) ou bien encore Sabine Barles (urbaniste).…”

Section: L'écologie Urbaine En 201: Bilan Des Concepts Développés Depunclassified

Quelles perspectives pour l’écologie urbaine au XXI^esiècle : d’un champ de recherche basé sur les interfaces à une discipline scientifique autonome ?

Maughan

2012

SHS Web of Conferences

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Résumé. La progression rapide du phénomène d'urbanisation a entrainé le développement depuis une décennie d'une multitude des programmes de recherche enécologie urbaine, principalement en Amérique du Nord et en Europe. Ces initiatives ont nécessité le passage d'un champ de recherche historiquement pluridisciplinaire vers des démarches interdisciplinaires construites sur la base de nécessaires collaborations et d'échanges entre les différentes disciplines scientifiques afin d'étudier et de comprendre les relations entre les villes et leur environnement. D'un point de vue environnemental, ces démarches ontété complétées et renforcées par une nouvelle approche nécessitant la transition d'uneécologie dans la villeà uneécologie de la ville basée sur desétudes intégrées de larges zones urbaines. Après avoir présenté les principaux objectifs et caractéristiques des programmes actuels de recherche eń ecologie urbaine, les types de relations et d'échanges initiés au sein de ces programmes entre les disciplines impliquées sont détaillés et analysés ainsi que ceux qui ont permis d'obtenir les meilleurs résultats. Une réflexion estégalement menée afin de déterminer si ceséchanges, devenus quasi obligatoires, peuventêtre assez puissants pour donner naissanceà une discipline autonome, considérée par certains auteurs comme « a new emerging discipline ». Origines et cadre de la réflexionLe phénomène d'urbanisation est une tendance mondiale, il s'observe aussi bien dans les pays développés que dans les paysémergents avec comme principale conséquence une population humaine qui devient de plus en plus urbaine [1]. En effet, depuis 2007, pour la première fois dans l'histoire de l'humanité plus d'êtres humains vivent dans les villes que dans les zones rurales et, en 2017, les pays en développement présenteront un visage plus urbanisé que rural [2, 3]. L'augmentation prévue de la population urbaine dépasse celle de l'ensemble de la population mondiale sur la même période (2,5 milliards), ce qui implique que les zones urbaines devront absorber non seulement toute la population attendue sur les 40 prochaines années mais aussi une partie de la population rurale (du fait des migrations et de la transformation d'habitats ruraux périphériques en centres urbains). En 2050, d'après la dernièreévaluation de l'Organisation des Nations Unies [1], la population humaine comptera probablement 2à 4 milliards d'individus supplémentaires, elle pourrait passer de 6,3 aujourd'huià plus 8,9 milliards [4]. Cette urbanisation du monde a débuté il y a environ 200 ans et s'est grandement accélérée dans la seconde moitié du 20 e siècle.À cetteépoque, 16 villes, la majorité dans les pays industrialisés, possédaient 1 million d'habitants ou plus. Aujourd'hui, ce nombre est presque de 400, et presque 70 % d'entre elles se situent dans les pays en voie de développement. Le nombre des mégapoles (« megacities ») de plus de 10 millions d'habitants atteint a e-mail : nicolas.maughan@etu.univ-provence.fr; nicolas.maughan@gmail.com aussi un niveau mondial sans précéde...

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Integrated Approaches to Long-TermStudies of Urban Ecological Systems

Cited by 892 publications

References 21 publications

Vegetation Type and Age Drive Changes in Soil Properties, Nitrogen, and Carbon Sequestration in Urban Parks under Cold Climate

Vegetation Type and Age Drive Changes in Soil Properties, Nitrogen, and Carbon Sequestration in Urban Parks under Cold Climate

Ethological Study of Flower Visiting Insects in Two Parks, Kolkata, India

Quelles perspectives pour l’écologie urbaine au XXI^esiècle : d’un champ de recherche basé sur les interfaces à une discipline scientifique autonome ?

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Integrated Approaches to Long-TermStudies of Urban Ecological Systems

Cited by 892 publications

References 21 publications

Vegetation Type and Age Drive Changes in Soil Properties, Nitrogen, and Carbon Sequestration in Urban Parks under Cold Climate

Vegetation Type and Age Drive Changes in Soil Properties, Nitrogen, and Carbon Sequestration in Urban Parks under Cold Climate

Ethological Study of Flower Visiting Insects in Two Parks, Kolkata, India

Quelles perspectives pour l’écologie urbaine au XXIesiècle : d’un champ de recherche basé sur les interfaces à une discipline scientifique autonome ?

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Product

Resources

About

Quelles perspectives pour l’écologie urbaine au XXI^esiècle : d’un champ de recherche basé sur les interfaces à une discipline scientifique autonome ?