Integrated approach for the evaluation of groundwater quality through hydro geochemistry and human health risk from Shivganga river basin, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Groundwater occurrence in hard rock basaltic terrains is restricted to weathered and fractured zones and pockets wherein slow movement of groundwater, prolonged rock-water interactions and higher residence time alter the natural chemistry of groundwater raising water quality issues. The qualitative geochemical analysis, contamination levels and human health risk assessment (HHRA) of groundwater is an integral step in groundwater management in the Deccan Plateau basalt ow region of India. Representative groundwater samples (68) collected from the Shivganga River basin area during pre-monsoon (PRM) and post-monsoon (POM) seasons in 2015 were analyzed for major cations and anions. According to World Health Organization (WHO) EC, total dissolved solids, hardness, bicarbonate, calcium and magnesium surpassed the desirable limit. Boron and uoride content exceeded the prescribed desirable limit of the WHO. The pollution and drinking suitability were assessed by computing pollution index of groundwater (PIG), groundwater quality index (GWQI), and HHRA particularly for boron and uoride toxicity. PIG values inferred that about 6% of groundwater has moderate, 24% has low, and 70% has insigni cant pollution in the PRM season; while, only 1 sample (3 %) showed high pollution, 6% showed low, and 91% showed insigni cant pollution in the POM season. GWQI results indicate that 27% and 15% samples are within the poor category, and only 15% and 18% of the samples fall within the excellent water quality category in the PRM and the POM season, respectively. Total hazard index (THI) revealed that 88% of children, 59% of adults, and about 38% of infants are exposed to non-carcinogenic risk, as THI values (> 1) were noted for the PRM season; while, 62% of children, 47% of adults and 24% of infants, are vulnerable to non-carcinogenic health hazard during the POM period.

Investigation of Wabe River water fitness for agricultural and industrial purposes

“…However, anthropogenic activities such improper waste disposal in dumpsites, sewage, and agriculture flows could have an impact on the amount of chloride in water ( Egbueri, 2018 ; Mukate et al., 2017 ). The quantities of SO 4 −2 in water may be affected by human-induced activities such as the application of fertilizer to crops and the use of detergent in homes ( Kadam et al., 2021 ). According to the FAO, the maximum allowable limit of chloride and sulfate for irrigation usage is 1063 and 960 mg/L, respectively ( Goher et al., 2014 ).…”

Groundwater quality assessment using geospatial and statistical approaches over Faridabad and Gurgaon districts of National Capital Region, India

“…However, due to numerous natural or anthropogenic factors, the groundwater quality has been under threat of deterioration in terms of quality and quantity. The contamination of groundwater has been reported in several recent studies (Adimalla and Venkatayogi 2018;Kadam et al 2021aKadam et al , 2021bKadam et al , 2021cLi et al 2016Li et al , 2021Wu et al 2015). Particularly in the urban areas of developing countries, the water quality has deteriorated significantly due to an exponential increase in industrialization.…”

Geochemical characterization, deciphering groundwater quality using pollution index of groundwater (PIG), water quality index (WQI) and geographical information system (GIS) in hard rock aquifer, South India

“…Quality of groundwater also depends on various geogenic activities. Highly localized factors like topography and lithology effect the quality to vary within short distances in the area examined (Kadam et al 2021a(Kadam et al , 2021bGaikwad et al 2021;Subba Rao et al 2012;Raju et al 2009;Nageswara Rao et al 2019). The quantity is also subject to weathering, groundwater movement, individual ion content and ion exchange, environment and time variability in the recharge and discharge cycle.…”