Integrated Approach for Bioremediation and Biofuel Production Using Algae

Mandotra, S. K.; Lolu, Afreen J.; Kumar, Sunil; Ramteke, Pramod W.; Ahluwalia, A. S.

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7665-8_10

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Due to the ability of algal cells to attach to specific surfaces, biomembranes are produced naturally, thereby reducing the overall cost of separating algal biomass from the rest of the medium [25]. Using larger immobilized microalgae beads or carriers can make the typical harvesting and dewatering process more straightforward and energy efficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation of Heavy Metals in Polluted Water by Immobilized Algae: Current Applications and Future Perspectives

et al. 2023

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The progression of urban industrialization releases large quantities of heavy metals into water, resulting in the severe heavy metal contamination of the aquatic environment. Traditional methods for removing heavy metals from wastewater generally have varying removal efficiencies, whereas algae adsorption technology is a cost-effective and sustainable bioremediation technique. A green technology that immobilizes algae through a carrier to improve biosorbent’s stability and adsorption performance is immobilization technology. The purpose of this review is to study the optimization strategy of the immobilization of algae for the bioremediation of heavy metals and to comprehensively analyze immobilized algae technology in terms of sustainability. The analysis of the mechanism of heavy metal removal by immobilized algae and the parameters affecting the efficiency of the biosorbent, as well as the approach based on life cycle assessment and economic analysis, allowed the identification of the optimization of the adsorption performance of immobilized algae. This provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of algal bioremediation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation of Heavy Metals in Polluted Water by Immobilized Algae: Current Applications and Future Perspectives

et al. 2023

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“…Nitrogen in wastewater is present as nitrate, nitrite, nitric acid, ammonia, and nitrogen gas. Nitrate is assimilated by microalgae after it is converted to ammonium (Mandotra et al 2019) and this is due to the fact that ammonium requires the least amount of energy for its assimilation compared to nitrate and nitrite. Nitrate is converted to nitrite by Nitrate reductase (NR), then nitrite is further reduced to ammonium by nitrite reductase (NiR) and at the end ammonium is assimilated by algae as glutamine-by-glutamine synthetase (GS) (Jia and Yuan 2016;Bolay et al 2018).…”

Section: Algae Application In Nutrient Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphorus exists in form of phosphates in industrial wastewaters. Like nitrogen, phosphorus removal is affected by pH and temperature of wastewater (Mandotra et al 2019). Table 1 shows the contaminant removal efficiency for various species of algae in different industrial wastewater streams.…”

Section: Algae Application In Nutrient Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal biomass dual roles in phycoremediation of wastewater and production of bioenergy and value-added products

Razaviarani

Arab

Lerdwanawattana

et al. 2022

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Algal biomass has been gaining attention over the last decades as it is versatile and can be used in different industries, such as wastewater treatment and bioenergy industries. Microalgae are mixotrophic microorganisms that have potential to utilize nitrogen and phosphate (nutrients) and remove organic matters from wastewater streams. Phycoremediation is an intriguing and cost-efficient technique to simultaneously remove heavy metals from wastewater while removing nutrients and organic matters. The cultivated and produced algal biomass can be a promising candidate and a sustainable feedstock to produce biofuels (e.g., biodiesel, bio-alcohol, and bio-oil) and value-added products such as biochar, glycerol, functional food, and pigments. The algae suspended cultivation systems, WSP and HRAP, are efficient methods for the wastewater treatment in shallow ponds with no mechanical aeration and less required energy consumption, but when a short HRT and minimum evaporation losses are key points in the algal cultivation the PBRs are recommended. It was reported that biosorption and bioaccumulation are the two promising techniques of phycoremediation. Studies showed that among the current processes of algal biomass conversion to biofuels, transesterification of algal lipids and pyrolysis of algal biomass were found to be the most efficient techniques. This review paper investigates the applications of algal biomass in the phycoremediation of wastewater, productions of bioenergy and value-added products by reviewing articles mainly published over the last five years. Graphical abstract

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“…7 Furthermore, they can cause eutrophication of water bodies, due to wastewater loads without any prior treatment, causing algal blooms, oxygen depletion, loss of species, increased turbidity, and toxicity in the water. 8,9 The species of the genus Arthrospira show a high tolerance to the conditions of wastewater effluents. [10][11][12] Other studies 10 reported that the Arthrospira maxima species is effective for the immobilization and elimination of nutrients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high levels of nutrients and other compounds in the leachate present a human health and environment risk 7 . Furthermore, they can cause eutrophication of water bodies, due to wastewater loads without any prior treatment, causing algal blooms, oxygen depletion, loss of species, increased turbidity, and toxicity in the water 8,9 . The species of the genus Arthrospira show a high tolerance to the conditions of wastewater effluents 10–12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food waste leachate valorization for sustainable biomass production from Arthrospira maxima

Gaytán,

García Gómez,

Vázquez

et al. 2023

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Arthrospira has the ability to tolerate effluents from domestic to farm wastewater. Food leachate coming from fruits and vegetables can be toxic in water discharge due to high dissolved oxygen and nutrient demands. Thus, pretreatment is required before passing through wastewater treatment plants, which generates higher costs and contamination in water bodies. In this work, leachate from fruits and vegetables was used in different percentages to produce Arthrospira maxima using airlift‐type bioreactors with continuous air flow, two photoperiods, and two inoculums. The treatment with 3% leachate (T1) reached 5.23 g/L after 16 days, while the control reached 3.81 g/L (T0). An optimization of the biomass production was carried out seeking to use the maximum percentage of the leachate, resulting in the best treatment of 9% of leachate (T8) achieving 4.88 g/L. After optimization, three cell disruption methods were applied to the obtained biomass, quantifying amino acids and hydrolysis grade (GH), being the ultrasonication treatment the most important reaching 80% GH and a concentration of 25 mg/g of amino acids, while the unbroken biomass contain 13 mg/g. The Arthrospira maxima species is an algae that can be widely used as a bioremediation method, since it managed to reduce the concentrations of COD and orthophosphates, in addition to containing some of the nutrients that plants require for their development, given that plants require amino acids. During its growth, it is proposed to apply the biomass generated from leachates as a plant biostimulant.

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Integrated Approach for Bioremediation and Biofuel Production Using Algae

Cited by 11 publications

References 74 publications

Remediation of Heavy Metals in Polluted Water by Immobilized Algae: Current Applications and Future Perspectives

Remediation of Heavy Metals in Polluted Water by Immobilized Algae: Current Applications and Future Perspectives

Algal biomass dual roles in phycoremediation of wastewater and production of bioenergy and value-added products

Food waste leachate valorization for sustainable biomass production from Arthrospira maxima

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