Integrated analytical methodology to investigate bioactive compounds in <i>Crocus sativus</i> L. flowers

Cusano, Erica; Consonni, Roberto; Petrakis, Eleftherios A.; Astraka, Konstantina; Cagliani, Laura Ruth; Polissiou, Moschos G.

doi:10.1002/pca.2753

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Regarding anthocyanins, the profile was dominated by delphinidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (6.28 ± 0.44 mg g −1 dm). This outcome is in accordance with previous studies [40,41], which showed that the predominant flavonol found in aqueous SPW extract was kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside (30.34 mg g −1 dm), followed by kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside 7-O-glucoside (5.6 mg g −1 dm) and quercetin 3-O-sophoroside (4.01 mg g −1 dm). However, important amounts of delphinidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (23.19 mg g −1 dm) were determined in ethanolic extract, whereas the aqueous extract was relatively rich in petunidin 3,5-diglucoside (3.97 mg g −1 dm).…”

Section: Polyphenolic Compositionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Saffron Processing Wastes as a Bioresource of High-Value Added Compounds: Development of a Green Extraction Process for Polyphenol Recovery Using a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent

et al. 2019

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The current investigation was undertaken to examine saffron processing waste (SPW) as a bioresource, which could be valorized to produce extracts rich in antioxidant polyphenols, using a green, natural deep eutectic solvent (DES). Initially, there was an appraisal of the molar ratio of hydrogen bond donor/hydrogen bond acceptor in order to come up with the most efficient DES composed of L-lactic acid/glycine (5:1). The following step was the optimization of the extraction process using response surface methodology. The optimal conditions thus determined were a DES concentration of 55% (w/v), a liquid-to-solid ratio of 60 mL g−1, and a stirring speed of 800 rounds per minute. Under these conditions, the extraction yield in total polyphenols achieved was 132.43 ± 10.63 mg gallic acid equivalents per g of dry mass. The temperature assay performed within a range of 23 to 80 °C, suggested that extracts displayed maximum yield and antioxidant activity at 50–60 °C. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the SPW extract obtained under optimal conditions showed that the predominant flavonol was kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside and the major anthocyanin delphinidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside. The results indicated that SPW extraction with the DES used is a green and efficient methodology and may afford extracts rich flavonols and anthocyanins, which are considered to be powerful antioxidants.

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Section: Polyphenolic Compositionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Saffron Processing Wastes as a Bioresource of High-Value Added Compounds: Development of a Green Extraction Process for Polyphenol Recovery Using a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent

et al. 2019

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“…Considering that the elevation of the cultivation sites as well the climate were very similar, the differences in the metabolites content could be due to differences in the soil composition or most likely in the drying method adopted. The identification of bioactive compounds in Crocus sativus L. flowers was performed by NMR, High Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Diode Array Detection (HPLC‐DAD), Raman, FT‐IR, and Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) by Cusano et al Samples belong to four C. sativus accessions of different origin but all grown in the same field in Italy, under the same agronomical conditions, in 2014. Successively, stigmas were dried under two different methods (B and C).…”

Section: Application Of Nmr‐based Metabolomics In Food Science and Ausupporting

confidence: 69%

The potentiality of NMR‐based metabolomics in food science and food authentication assessment

Consonni

Cagliani

2018

Magnetic Reson in Chemistry

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In the last years, there was an increasing interest on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, whose applications experienced an exponential growth in several research fields, particularly in food science. NMR was initially developed as the elective technique for structure elucidation of single molecules and nowadays is playing a dominant role in complex mixtures investigations. In the era of the “omics” techniques, NMR was rapidly enrolled as one of the most powerful methods to approach metabolomics studies. Its use in analytical routines, characterized by rapid and reproducible measurements, would provide the identification of a wide range of chemical compounds simultaneously, disclosing sophisticated frauds or addressing the geographical origin, as well as revealing potential markers for other authentication purposes. The great economic value of high‐quality or guaranteed foods demands highly detailed characterization to protect both consumers and producers from frauds. The present scenario suggests metabolomics as the privileged approach of modern analytical studies for the next decades. The large potentiality of high‐resolution NMR techniques is here presented through specific applications and using different approaches focused on the authentication process of some foods, like tomato paste, saffron, honey, roasted coffee, and balsamic and traditional balsamic vinegar of Modena, with a particular focus on geographical origin characterization, ageing determination, and fraud detection.

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“…Shajari et al [44] indicated a significant effect of AMF in corm growth and mineral assimilation during the second cultivation season, supporting their effective residual effects in saffron cultivation. However, little is known about the effects of AMF on spice yield, and phytochemical profiles in open field cultivation [46,47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saffron Cultivation in Marginal Alpine Environments: How AMF Inoculation Modulates Yield and Bioactive Compounds

et al. 2018

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish mutualistic symbiotic associations with plant roots and act as biofertilizers by enhancing plant nutrient and water uptake. Moreover, AMF colonization may influence the biosynthesis of plant bioactive compounds in medicinal and aromatic plants. There is limited information on AMF associations with Crocus sativus L. (saffron) roots and their effect on crop performances and spice quality. In the present work we verified the efficiency of root mycorrhization in potted conditions, then we evaluated the yield and quality of the saffron produced in two Alpine sites during two cultivation cycles with the application of AMF. Two inocula were applied, either a single-species (Rhizophagus intraradices) or a multi-species mixture (R. intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae). The trial conducted in potted conditions confirmed that both AMF commercial inocula established symbiotic relationships with saffron roots. The multi-species inoculation yielded the highest content of arbuscules in colonized portions of the root (100%), while the single-species was slightly less (82.9%) and no AMF were recorded in untreated control corms. In open-field conditions, AMF colonization of the root systems, flower production, and saffron yields were monitored, and bioactive compounds contents and antioxidant activity in the dried spice were analysed using spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography. Overall, the saffron produced was high quality (ISO category) and had high contents of bioactive compounds, with very high total polyphenol content and elevated antioxidant activity. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts as biostimulants positively affected saffron cultivation, improving the crop performances and the content of important nutraceutical compounds. In particular, the inoculum composed by R. intraradices and F. mosseae increased flower production and the saffron yield. R. intraradices alone enhanced the spice antioxidant activity and the content of bioactive compounds such as picrocrocin, crocin II, and quercitrin. Since saffron is the world’s highest priced spice, the increases in yield and quality obtained using AMF suggests that farms in marginal areas such as alpine sites can increase profitability by inoculating saffron fields with arbuscular mycorrhiza.

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Integrated analytical methodology to investigate bioactive compounds in Crocus sativus L. flowers

Abstract: The integrated analytical methodology here proposed, allowed to achieve a deeper level of compositional and structural details of secondary metabolites in Crocus sativus L. flowers.

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

Saffron Processing Wastes as a Bioresource of High-Value Added Compounds: Development of a Green Extraction Process for Polyphenol Recovery Using a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent

Saffron Processing Wastes as a Bioresource of High-Value Added Compounds: Development of a Green Extraction Process for Polyphenol Recovery Using a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent

The potentiality of NMR‐based metabolomics in food science and food authentication assessment

Saffron Cultivation in Marginal Alpine Environments: How AMF Inoculation Modulates Yield and Bioactive Compounds

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