Integrated analysis of miRNAs and their targets reveals that miR319c/TCP2 regulates apical bud burst in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)

Liu, Shengrui; Mi, Xiaozeng; Zhang, Ran; An, Yanlin; Zhou, Qixing; Yang, Ting; Xia, Xiaobo; Guo, Rui; Wang, Xuewen; Wei, Chaoling

doi:10.1007/s00425-019-03207-1

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Deep RNA-sequence technology is a powerful tool to systemically identify key gene candidates in many plants, such as Poplar 60 , Arabidopsis 61 , Camellia sinensis 30,62,63 . To better understand the mechanism of the changes of amino acids in response to N forms and N deficiency, we examined genes encoding enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and initial steps of catabolism under NO 3 − -N, EA-N, NH 4 + -N, and NH 4 + NO 3 -N and N deficiency treatments via deep RNA-seq technology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional regulation of amino acid metabolism in response to nitrogen deficiency and nitrogen forms in tea plant root (Camellia sinensis L.)

Yang

Tai

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Free amino acids, including theanine, glutamine and glutamate, contribute greatly to the pleasant taste and multiple health benefits of tea. Amino acids in tea plants are mainly synthesized in roots and transported to new shoots, which are significantly affected by nitrogen (N) level and forms. However, the regulatory amino acid metabolism genes have not been systemically identified in tea plants. Here, we investigated the dynamic changes of free amino acid contents in response to N deficiency and forms in tea plant roots, and systemically identified the genes associated amino acid contents in individual metabolism pathways. Our results showed that glutamate-derived amino acids are the most dynamic in response to various forms of N and N deficiency. We then performed transcriptomic analyses of roots treated with N deficiency and various forms of N, and differentially expressed amino acid metabolic genes in each pathway were identified. The analyses on expression patterns and transcriptional responses of metabolic genes to N treatments provided novel insights for the molecular basis of high accumulation of theanine in tea plant root. These analyses also identified potential regulatory genes in dynamic amino acid metabolism in tea plant root. Furthermore, our findings indicated that the dynamic expression levels of CsGDH, CsAlaDC, CsAspAT, CsSDH, CsPAL, CsSHMT were highly correlated with changes of amino acid contents in their corresponding pathways. Herein, this study provides comprehensive insights into transcriptional regulation of amino acid metabolism in response to nitrogen deficiency and nitrogen forms in tea plant root.(Ser), glycine (Gly) and cysteine (Cys) synthesis. In tea plant, Thea is synthesized from Glu and ethylamine (EA) by theanine synthetase (TS) 14 . EA is likely produced from alanine under the catalysis of alanine decarboxylase 15 .Amino acid catabolism have been clearly described in animals, however, limited information of amino acid catabolism is available in plants. Hildebrandt et al. summarized the catabolic pathways of amino acids in land plants. Generally, amino acids are catabolized by oxidative deamination, oxidative decarboxylation, and transamination. These reactions are catalyzed by amino acid dehydrolases, decarboxylases and aminotransferases, respectively. Gln, Asn and Arg are also hydrolyzed by asparaginase, glutaminase, and arginase to release amide groups 16 .The accumulation of free amino acids is resultant of biosynthesis and catabolism. Previous studies showed that feedback inhibition loops control amino acid biosynthesis in plants 17 . Here, the accumulation of an amino acid inhibits the transcription or the activities of the enzymes in its biosynthesis pathway [18][19][20] . Expression of feedback-insensitive form of enzymes resulted in higher levels of the corresponding amino acids 17,21 . The central role of amino acid catabolism is to adjust the amino acid pool size, especially under stress conditions 12 . Some regulatory enzymes in amino acid metabolism have been ident...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional regulation of amino acid metabolism in response to nitrogen deficiency and nitrogen forms in tea plant root (Camellia sinensis L.)

Yang

Tai

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The concentrations of major metabolites in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway and phytohormones, including ALA, PBG, Urogen III, Proto IX, Mg-Proto IX, DPP, CTK, GA, ACC, BR, and SL were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (mIbio Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China) according to the manufacturer as reported previously (Liu et al, 2019). The principle of the kit is based on the original ELISA method with modifications.…”

Section: Metabolite and Phytohormone Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

From Chloroplast Biogenesis to Chlorophyll Accumulation: The Interplay of Light and Hormones on Gene Expression in Camellia sinensis cv. Shuchazao Leaves

et al. 2020

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Chloroplast development and chlorophyll metabolism have been well described in model plants but not in perennial woody crops. Of particular interest is the interplay between light and hormones under shade conditions. We report that the shade induced accumulation of chlorophylls in Camellia sinensis cv. Shuchazao leaves is at least as a result of (a) positive changes in chloroplast development and (b) light/hormonal regulation of genes and transcription factors involved in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway. Under shade conditions, leaves developed an abundance of enlarged chloroplasts encapsulating more prominent thylakoid membranes. Four major metabolites in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway namely Chl a, Chl b, DPP, and Mg-Proto IX increased under shade conditions while PBG decreased significantly. Significant changes were found at the transcription level of regulators of chloroplast biogenesis (GLK1 and LHCB), the structural genes in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway (HEMA1, CLH1, PORA, and CAO) and potential components involved in light signaling (PHYA, CRY1, HY5, and DELLAs). Two central signal integrators (GLK1 and LHCB) between the nucleus and chloroplast showed clear responses to shade, suggesting a crucial role of light in regulating chloroplast development in tea leaves. Concurrent with the changes in gene expression, the concentrations of endogenous phytohormones (auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellins) increased significantly in the later stages of shade conditions. Two key integrators involved in the hormone signal pathways, EIN3 and EBF1/2, increased under shade conditions suggesting that shade induced changes to hormone levels may play some role in modulating chlorophyll biosynthesis in the tea leaves. Overall, this data suggests that the light and hormone influence over chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis in Camellia is similar to that of Arabidopsis. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis in response to light and hormones in a commercially important woody plant such as Camellia, which may facilitate the breeding of high-chlorophyll tea cultivars for the improvement of sensory features of the green tea product.

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“…TCP2 controls cell-proliferation/division and growth, including floral meristem (Martin-Trillo and Cubas, 2010). TCP2 is also associated with bud-burst, it was found to be up-regulated from quiescent bud to burst bud in tea (Liu et al , 2019a). TCP2 was detected to be down-regulated at latitude 67°2’N as compared to latitude 56°2’N in response to SHADE, suggesting that SHADE diminishes cell-division related activities in northern tree populations as compared to the southern ones, instead the northern trees seem to invest higher resources in cell wall thickening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular signatures of local adaptation to light in Norway Spruce: role of lignin mediated immunity

2020

Preprint

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Study of natural variation is an efficient method to elucidate how plants adapt to local climatic conditions, a key process for the evolution of a species. However, it is challenging to determine the genetic basis of adaptive variation especially in forest trees which have large and complex genomes. Norway spruce is a shade tolerant conifer in which the requirement of far-red light for growth increases latitudinally northwards. In the current work, hypocotyl-length followed a latitudinal cline in response to SHADE (low red:far-red ratio). RNA-sequencing revealed differential gene expression in response to SHADE, between a southern and a northern natural population in Sweden. Exome capture included analysis of uniquely large data set (1654 trees) that revealed missense variations in coding regions of nine differentially expressed candidate genes, which followed a latitudinal cline in allele and genotype frequencies. These genes included five transcription factors involved in vital processes like bud-set/bud-flush, lignin pathway and cold acclimation, and other genes that take part in cell-wall remodeling, secondary cell-wall thickening, response to starvation and immunity. Findings from this work primarily suggests that the northern populations of Norway spruce are better adapted towards disease resistance under shade by up-regulation of lignin pathway that is linked to immunity and it forms concrete basis for local adaptation to light quality in Norway spruce, one of the most economically important conifer tree species in Sweden.

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Integrated analysis of miRNAs and their targets reveals that miR319c/TCP2 regulates apical bud burst in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)

Cited by 47 publications

References 82 publications

Transcriptional regulation of amino acid metabolism in response to nitrogen deficiency and nitrogen forms in tea plant root (Camellia sinensis L.)

Transcriptional regulation of amino acid metabolism in response to nitrogen deficiency and nitrogen forms in tea plant root (Camellia sinensis L.)

From Chloroplast Biogenesis to Chlorophyll Accumulation: The Interplay of Light and Hormones on Gene Expression in Camellia sinensis cv. Shuchazao Leaves

Molecular signatures of local adaptation to light in Norway Spruce: role of lignin mediated immunity

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