Integrated Analysis of LncRNA-mRNA Coexpression in the Extracellular Matrix of Developing Deciduous Teeth in Miniature Pigs

Abstract

Miniature pigs, a valuable alternative model for understanding human tooth development, have deciduous teeth from all four tooth families that are replaced once by permanent molars. The extracellular matrix (ECM) supports cells and maintains the integrity of tooth germs during tooth development. However, details on the role of the ECM in tooth development are poorly understood. Here, we performed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles in the ECM components of deciduous tooth germs by RNA sequencing in miniature pigs. From the early cap to the late bell stages, we identified 4,562 and 3,238 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from E40 to E50 and E50 to E60, respectively. In addition, a total of 1,464 differentially expressed lncRNAs from E40 to E50 and 969 differentially expressed lncRNAs from E50 to E60 were obtained. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that DEGs were enriched significantly for multiple signaling pathways, especially for the ECM pathway. We then outlined the detailed dynamic gene expression profiling of ECM components during deciduous molar development. Comparison of the cap and bell stages revealed that the structure and functions of the ECM dynamically changed. The ECM-related genes, including THBS1, COL4A5, COL4A6, COL1A1, CHAD, TNR, GP1BA, and ITGA3, were significantly changed, and some were shown to enrich during the bell stage development. Finally, we outlined the coexpression of lncRNAs and ECM properties during tooth development. We showed that the interplay of key lncRNAs could change ECM processes and influence the ECM establishment of tooth patterns to accomplish full tooth formation. These results might provide information to elucidate the regulation network of the lncRNA and ECM in tooth development.

Anti‐rheumatoid arthritis effects of Xanthii Fructus by affecting the PI3K‐AKT signaling pathway based on TMT‐labeled quantitative proteomics

“…The ECM can not only provide attachment sites and structural support for cells, but can also provide important biological information for regulating cell activity and organ or tissue function (Paolillo & Schinelli, 2019). In addition, it can also maintain the integrity of tissues and organs (Li et al, 2019). Col6a5, Laiva et al, 2018;Mithieux et al, 2018;Schaeffer et al, 2018).…”

“…To evaluate the severity, we used clinical scoring (0–3), according to the following criteria: 0 = normal, 1 = edema or swelling of one joint, 2 = swelling of two or more joints and 3 = swelling of all joints or deformity (Li et al, 2019). The scores of four limbs were added together to obtain the clinical index (maximum score = 12).…”

Stem cell niches functionalized strategies for organ regeneration and manufacturing

“…Based on the cell-cell interaction strategy, dental epithelial and mesenchymal tissues isolated from mouse embryonic tooth germs can be reconstituted into bioengineered tooth germs, which develop into fully-fledged functional teeth. 75,81,82 In a miniature swine model, the molecular level of epithelium-mesenchyme interactions, [83][84][85][86] cell-ECM interactions, 87 biomechanical stress, 88 and tooth development niches have been well identified. A miniature swine bioengineered tooth bud was generated based on the epithelium-mesenchyme interaction strategy verified after transplantation in mouse subrenal capsules and jawbone, 89 in addition to infusion with bone marrow stem cells and local aspirin administration to remodel immune cells.…”