Integrated Air Revitalization System for Space Station

Boyda, Robert B.; Miller, Craig W.; Schwartz, Mary

doi:10.4271/860946

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Similar trends are observed in the spectra of H 2 L 3,4 and their Zn(II) complexes, ZnL. 3,4 X-ray quality crystals of ZnL 3 (MeOH) and ZnL 4 (MeOH) were grown from slow evaporation in methanol. In each complex, the Zn(II) ion sits in a distorted square pyramidal environment, Figure 2, similar to ZnL 1 (MeOH).…”

Section: I a C E T Y L -2 -( 4 -B E N Z Y L -3 -T H I O S E M I C A R...supporting

confidence: 65%

“…The solution was refluxed for an additional 4 h and then chilled in the freezer for 1 h. 185 mg (0.541 mmol) of a bright orange powder was isolated (71.0% yield). 1 3 . In a round-bottom flask with 30 mL of refluxing ethanol, 178 mg (0.502 mmol) of H 2 L 3 and 45 mg (1.1 mmol) of LiOH were added.…”

Section: ( D I a C E T Y L -2 -( 4 -E T H Y L -3 -T H I O S E M I C A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crystals of ZnL 4 (MeOH) suitable for X-ray analysis were grown by slow evaporation of a CO 2 -saturated methanol solution. X-ray structural analysis for ZnL 4 (MeOH) was performed on a 0.35 × 0.15 × 0.04 mm 3 orange plate using an identical data acquisition strategy described above for ZnL 3 932.41(9) Å 3 , Z = 2, and D calc = 1.552 Mg/m 3 . 4267 raw independent data from 501 50 s frames were corrected for absorption (transmission min /transmission max = 0.921/1.000; μ = 1.451 mm −1 ) using SCALE3 ABSPACK.…”

Section: I a C E T Y L -2 -( 4 -B E N Z Y L -3 -T H I O S E M I C A R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide from air has been studied since the 1930s to prevent process equipment fouling 1 and to remove CO 2 from sealed vessels such as submarines 2 and spaceships. 3 More recently, CO 2 DAC has been under intense investigation as part of the strategy to mitigate the progression of climate change resulting from global fossil fuel-based economies. 4 The DAC approach provides a means to concentrate and release CO 2 for utilization as a chemical feedstock for applications such as fuel production, agricultural usage, and the synthesis of other valuable products.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal–Ligand Cooperativity Promotes Reversible Capture of Dilute CO₂ as a Zn(II)-Methylcarbonate

et al. 2023

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In this study, a series of thiosemicarbazonato−hydrazinatopyridine metal complexes were evaluated as CO 2 capture agents. The complexes incorporate a non-coordinating, basic hydrazinatopyridine nitrogen in close proximity to a Lewis acidic metal ion allowing for metal−ligand cooperativity. The coordination of various metal ions with (diacetyl-2-(4-methyl-thiosemicarbazone)-3-(2-hydrazinopyridine) (H 2 L 1 ) yielded ML 1 (M = Ni(II), Pd(II)), ML 1 (CH 3 OH) (M = Cu(II), Zn(II)), and [ML 1 (PPh 3 ) 2 ]BF 4 (M = Co(III)) complexes. The ML 1 (CH 3 OH) complexes reversibly capture CO 2 with equilibrium constants of 88 ± 9 and 6900 ± 180 for Cu(II) and Zn(II), respectively. Ligand effects were evaluated with Zn(II) through variation of the 4-methyl-thiosemicarbazone with 4-ethyl (H 2 L 2 ), 4-phenethyl (H 2 L 3 ), and 4-benzyl (H 2 L 4 ) derivatives. The equilibrium constant for CO 2 capture increased to 11,700 ± 300, 15,000 ± 400, and 35,000 ± 200 for ZnL 2 (MeOH), ZnL 3 (MeOH), and ZnL 4 (MeOH), respectively. Quantification of ligand basicity and metal ion Lewis acidity shows that changes in CO 2 capture affinity are largely associated with ligand basicity upon substitution of Cu(II) with Zn(II), while variation of the thiosemicarbazone ligand enhances CO 2 affinity by tuning the metal ion Lewis acidity. Overall, the Zn(II) complexes effectively capture CO 2 from dilute sources with up to 90%, 86%, and 65% CO 2 capture efficiency from 400, 1000, and 2500 ppm CO 2 streams.

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Section: I a C E T Y L -2 -( 4 -B E N Z Y L -3 -T H I O S E M I C A R...supporting

confidence: 65%

Section: ( D I a C E T Y L -2 -( 4 -E T H Y L -3 -T H I O S E M I C A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: I a C E T Y L -2 -( 4 -B E N Z Y L -3 -T H I O S E M I C A R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal–Ligand Cooperativity Promotes Reversible Capture of Dilute CO₂ as a Zn(II)-Methylcarbonate

et al. 2023

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“…Modern air separation plants use molecular sieves for this purpose. Other applications of CO 2 removal from air include life support systems for spacecraft and submarines (10,11). The technologies to purify air of CO 2 include, among others, reacting CO 2 with solutions of strong alkali, such as NaOH and KOH (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic and energetic analysis of capturing CO ₂ from ambient air

Ac²,

Ranjan³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

431

360

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Capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere ("air capture") in an industrial process has been proposed as an option for stabilizing global CO 2 concentrations. Published analyses suggest these air capture systems may cost a few hundred dollars per tonne of CO 2 , making it cost competitive with mainstream CO 2 mitigation options like renewable energy, nuclear power, and carbon dioxide capture and storage from large CO 2 emitting point sources. We investigate the thermodynamic efficiencies of commercial separation systems as well as trace gas removal systems to better understand and constrain the energy requirements and costs of these air capture systems. Our empirical analyses of operating commercial processes suggest that the energetic and financial costs of capturing CO 2 from the air are likely to have been underestimated. Specifically, our analysis of existing gas separation systems suggests that, unless air capture significantly outperforms these systems, it is likely to require more than 400 kJ of work per mole of CO 2 , requiring it to be powered by CO 2 -neutral power sources in order to be CO 2 negative. We estimate that total system costs of an air capture system will be on the order of $1,000 per tonne of CO 2 , based on experience with as-built large-scale trace gas removal systems.direct air capture | gas separation economics | separation thermodynamics | concentration factor | Sherwood plot S everal researchers investigating chemical systems for capturing CO 2 from the air* have suggested that air capture could be a viable climate mitigation technology costing no more than a few hundred dollars per tonne of CO 2 avoided (1-3). It has been further argued (4) that air capture may be cost-competitive with more accepted climate change mitigation options like renewable power, nuclear power, and CO 2 capture and storage from large stationary sources (carbon capture and storage, CCS). Indeed, during visits to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the spring of 2009, the US President's Science Advisor, John Holdren, and Secretary of Energy, Steven Chu, each mentioned capturing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) directly from the air as an option that may be needed for stabilizing global CO 2 concentrations and, thereby, global temperatures. To examine these claims, we have undertaken a series of analyses of the costs and energy requirements of air capture.Instead of focusing on any particular proposed air capture system, we analyze the capture of CO 2 from air, where it has a concentration of approximately 0.04%, in the context of analogous industrial separation systems. Although the minimum thermodynamic work to separate CO 2 from air is not a prohibitive burden, separation systems themselves require significantly more energy than the thermodynamic minimum. This approach, which is independent of any particular air capture system or process, is motivated on the one hand by the utility of having a generic analysis, and on the other hand by the lack of literature regarding a detailed design of a particular captu...

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Analysis of an algae-based cellss

et al. 1989

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Integrated Air Revitalization System for Space Station

Cited by 5 publications

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Metal–Ligand Cooperativity Promotes Reversible Capture of Dilute CO₂ as a Zn(II)-Methylcarbonate

Metal–Ligand Cooperativity Promotes Reversible Capture of Dilute CO₂ as a Zn(II)-Methylcarbonate

Economic and energetic analysis of capturing CO ₂ from ambient air

Analysis of an algae-based cellss

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Integrated Air Revitalization System for Space Station

Cited by 5 publications

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Metal–Ligand Cooperativity Promotes Reversible Capture of Dilute CO2 as a Zn(II)-Methylcarbonate

Metal–Ligand Cooperativity Promotes Reversible Capture of Dilute CO2 as a Zn(II)-Methylcarbonate

Economic and energetic analysis of capturing CO 2 from ambient air

Analysis of an algae-based cellss

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Product

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Metal–Ligand Cooperativity Promotes Reversible Capture of Dilute CO₂ as a Zn(II)-Methylcarbonate

Metal–Ligand Cooperativity Promotes Reversible Capture of Dilute CO₂ as a Zn(II)-Methylcarbonate

Economic and energetic analysis of capturing CO ₂ from ambient air