“…3e) or even immediately make these landraces available to farmers, as suggested by previous experiences in wheat 44 . Short maturation time is paramount to achieve harvestable yield in areas exposed to terminal drought 45 , and it is expectedly a major component of farmers' OA (Fig. 3a).…”
Section: Participatory Evaluation Of the Teff Diversity Prioritizes Genetic Materials For Breedingmentioning
In smallholder farming systems, traditional farmer varieties of neglected and underutilized crops species (NUS) support the livelihoods of millions of growers and consumers. NUS combine cultural and agronomic value with local adaptation, and call for transdisciplinary methods to evaluate their breeding potential. Here, we combined farmers' traditional knowledge, genomics, and climate science to characterize 366 Ethiopian teff (Eragrostis tef) farmer varieties and breeding materials. We found that teff genetic diversity in Ethiopia could be organized in six genetic clusters associated to climate variation on the landscape. A participatory evaluation conducted in collaboration with local farmers could consistently identify best performing varieties and inform a genome wide association study to identify candidate genes for farmers' appreciation, phenology, yield, and local adaptation. By modelling the genomic adaptation of teff to current and projected climates, we identified an area around lake Tana where teff cropping will be most vulnerable to climate change. Our results show that transdisciplinary approaches may efficiently propel untapped NUS farmer varieties into modern breeding to foster more resilient and sustainable cropping systems
“…3e) or even immediately make these landraces available to farmers, as suggested by previous experiences in wheat 44 . Short maturation time is paramount to achieve harvestable yield in areas exposed to terminal drought 45 , and it is expectedly a major component of farmers' OA (Fig. 3a).…”
Section: Participatory Evaluation Of the Teff Diversity Prioritizes Genetic Materials For Breedingmentioning
In smallholder farming systems, traditional farmer varieties of neglected and underutilized crops species (NUS) support the livelihoods of millions of growers and consumers. NUS combine cultural and agronomic value with local adaptation, and call for transdisciplinary methods to evaluate their breeding potential. Here, we combined farmers' traditional knowledge, genomics, and climate science to characterize 366 Ethiopian teff (Eragrostis tef) farmer varieties and breeding materials. We found that teff genetic diversity in Ethiopia could be organized in six genetic clusters associated to climate variation on the landscape. A participatory evaluation conducted in collaboration with local farmers could consistently identify best performing varieties and inform a genome wide association study to identify candidate genes for farmers' appreciation, phenology, yield, and local adaptation. By modelling the genomic adaptation of teff to current and projected climates, we identified an area around lake Tana where teff cropping will be most vulnerable to climate change. Our results show that transdisciplinary approaches may efficiently propel untapped NUS farmer varieties into modern breeding to foster more resilient and sustainable cropping systems
“…It comprises 25% teff grains and 75% teff straw, with an annual production of 4.3 million and 13 million tonnes, respectively 19 , 20 . Teff straw is considered a nutritious fodder for ruminants compared to other cereals 21 , 22 . Figure 1 Four types of biomass samples are ( a ) CC, ( b ) CH, ( c ) TS, ( d ) SSS.…”
A comprehensive understanding of physiochemical properties, thermal degradation behavior and chemical composition is significant for biomass residues before their thermochemical conversion for energy production. In this investigation, teff straw (TS), coffee husk (CH), corn cob (CC), and sweet sorghum stalk (SSS) residues were characterized to assess their potential applications as value-added bioenergy and chemical products. The thermal degradation behavior of CC, CH, TS and SSS samples is calculated using four different heating rates. The activation energy values ranged from 81.919 to 262.238 and 85.737–212.349 kJ mol−1 and were generated by the KAS and FWO models and aided in understanding the biomass conversion process into bio-products. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of CC, CH, TS, and SSS were found to be in the ranges of 31.56–41.15%, 23.9–32.02%, and 19.85–25.07%, respectively. The calorific values of the residues ranged from 17.3 to 19.7 MJ/kg, comparable to crude biomass. Scanning electron micrographs revealed agglomerated, irregular, and rough textures, with parallel lines providing nutrient and water transport pathways in all biomass samples. Energy Dispersive X-ray spectra and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of high carbonaceous material and crystalline nature. FTIR analysis identified prominent band peaks at specific wave numbers. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that these residues hold potential as energy sources for various applications, such as the textile, plastics, paints, automobile, and food additive industries.
“…Melle Tilahun et al [18] reported better growth, yield, sustainable production of millet cultivated under integrated nutrient management. Getachew et al [19] reported deterioration of soil due to continuous applications of inorganic fertilizers, Dejene Kasahun and Lemlem Semungus [20] observed that application of organic fertilizer improve crop growth. Integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers is one of the important means of increasing soil fertility and sustainable increase in crop yields [21,22].…”
Pearl millet [(Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], is an important dietary food. Under and over plant population results to poor growth and Development. Farmers in Nigeria cultivates local varieties resulting to low yield. Inorganic fertilizers are costly and also results to soil pollution. Millet productions can be enhanced through appropriate cultural practices. Field experiment was conducted at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching and Research Dry land Farm, Sokoto, during the 2022 Rainy season to determine effect of intra-row spacing, appropriate combination of organic and inorganic fertilize and variety for optimum yield of millet. The treatments comprises factorial combination of three intra-row spacings (40,50 and 50 cm), three fertilizer treatments: the control, 25 kg P205 and 25 kg N ha-1, FYM at 5 t ha-1 , 12.5 kg P205 plus 12.5 kg N, plus FYM at 2.5 t ha-1 and two verities (Super SOSSAT and Zango millet local variety), laid out in split plot design, Intra-row spacing and fertilizer was allocated to the main plot, varieties to sub plots. Data collected on growth and yield parameters was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results indicated that 40 cm intra-row spacing produced higher Leaf Area Index (LAI), Panicle length (cm) and total biomass, while 25 kg P205 and 25 kg N ha-1, FYM at 5 t ha-1 , 12.5 kg P205 plus 12.5 kg N produced taller plants, higher LAI, panicle weight, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, and total biomass. Super SOSSAT produced higher LAI, Panicle length (cm), panicle weight, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and total biomass, while Zango millet variety produced taller plant and longer panicle length. 40cm intra-row spacing, application of combined organic and inorganic fertilizer at the rate of 25 kg N, P and 5 tonne-1 FYM and Super Sossat was better for optimum yield.
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