Integral Abutment Bridges under Thermal Loading: Field Monitoring and Analysis

LaFave, James M.; Fahnestock, Larry A.; Brambila, Gabriela; Riddle, Joseph; Jarrett, Matthew; Svatora, Jeffrey; Wright, Beth Ann; An, Huayu

doi:10.36501/0197-9191/17-022

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…All of their collected data trended with the ambient temperature change and showed strong tendencies for larger strains to develop in the piles that were on the acute angle corner of the foundation, which is what was predicted would happen. The magnitudes of strain developed in the girders measured by LaFave et al [19] could be of concern and should be accounted for in future designs, but the relative rotation of the abutment to the superstructure was of a small magnitude and was not a major concern for the integrity of the bridge.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…To better understand the behavior of semi-integral bridge behavior, the behavior of a fully integral bridge should be looked at as a comparison. LaFave et al [19] investigated the performance of two fully integral abutment bridges located in Illinois under environ-mental factors. All of their collected data trended with the ambient temperature change and showed strong tendencies for larger strains to develop in the piles that were on the acute angle corner of the foundation, which is what was predicted would happen.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, it is typical to see the cracking of wing walls of skewed bridges. Significant research has been conducted on the cracking of wing walls of skewed bridges such as the research done by LeFave [19], Shehu [22], and Steinberg [23]. When considering the high skew angle of 47.5 • for the bridge being researched, it would be expected to see the cracking of wing walls.…”

Section: Temperature Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The girders and deck are the primary items considered during the design phase of the bridge, but this can cause the end diaphragm to be overlooked. It is the purpose of the end diaphragm to transfer the vertical loads from the superstructure via 2 of 19 an elastomeric bearing pad to the substructure [1,8]. This bearing pad is typically assumed to only vertical transfer loads, which the abutment and foundation then transfer to the soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environment-Induced Performance of End Concrete Diaphragm in Skewed Semi-Integral Bridges

Hussein¹,

Khoury

Lucas

2022

Buildings

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Past research has shown that as skewed bridges change temperature, additional lateral movement or forces will occur along with the elongation of the bridge. Even though past research has documented this behavior, lateral movements of semi-integral bridge superstructure associated with temperature effects on bridge skewness have not been well predicted. In this study, the seasonal movements of a 24-year-old semi-integral bridge caused by temperature effects with skewed abutment have been investigated by conducting a series of field measurements on bridges subjected to various environmental climates. The measured data showed that as the bridge heated up, the superstructure tended to move toward the acute corner of the bridge, and the bridge would contract towards its obtuse corner with a negative temperature change. During warm weather, the cracks on the end diaphragm tended to open with a positive temperature change and close with a negative temperature change, which was much more predictable than the cold weather behavior. This behavior confirms that even though the bridge moves linearly with temperature, the end diaphragm response to the temperature depends on the season. Movement of the bridge superstructure from temperature change has caused cracks in the end diaphragm, which are now propagating to the deck. These cracks could damage the bridge enough that it would require repair work in the future. The evidence in this study will help provide a complete picture of seasonal jointless bridge behavior so future semi-integral bridges can be made safer and more efficient.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temperature Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environment-Induced Performance of End Concrete Diaphragm in Skewed Semi-Integral Bridges

Hussein¹,

Khoury

Lucas

2022

Buildings

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“…The use of IABs in Illinois has led to studies that assess the behavior of IABs under thermal loads, in order to modify IDOT's IAB design process, as necessary. Studies have included both 2-D and 3-D modeling of IABs (Olson et al, 2013;LaFave et al, 2016), as well as the monitoring of IABs in the field (Olson et al, 2009;Olson et al, 2013;LaFave et al, 2017), to determine their behavior when subjected to expected magnitudes of thermal and live loads. These studies have observed how IABs can deal with the expansion and contraction of the superstructure without the use of expansion joints or elastomeric bearings at the abutments.…”

Section: Integral Abutment Bridge Studies and Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Performance of Integral Abutment Highway Bridges in Illinois

LaFave¹,

Fahnestock²,

Kozak³

2018

Self Cite

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The seismic behavior of integral abutment bridges (IABs) is of particular interest in southern Illinois, where proximity to the New Madrid Seismic Zone may create significant ground motion accelerations during an earthquake. IABs are common in modern bridge construction due to their lack of expansion joints between the superstructure and abutment, which leads to decreased environmental damage at the abutment seat when compared to stub abutment bridges. However, elimination of expansion joints can also lead to development of complex soil-structure-interaction limit states at the abutment and its foundation when an IAB is subjected to lateral loads. This report examines the seismic behavior of typical IABs in southern Illinois and develops feedback and recommendations for improving IAB seismic designs. This is accomplished through modeling IABs as a whole bridge system, subjecting the models to representative ground motions, monitoring the behavior of key IAB components, using the monitored results to form a comprehensive view of seismic behavior, and employing the developed knowledge to form recommendations for improving IAB seismic performance. IAB models are developed in OpenSees through nonlinear modeling of multiple components, as well as the connections between components, representing typical IAB designs for Illinois, and are then subjected to 1000-year return period hazard ground motions developed specifically for southern Illinois. Incremental dynamic analyses are also performed. IABs of varying superstructure materials, span configurations, bearing layouts, pier heights, and foundation soil conditions are dynamically analyzed using the sets of developed ground motions. Damage to pier columns is especially prominent in IABs with shorter piers and longer abutment-to-abutment spans, while abutment foundation damage in terms of yielding, local buckling, and rupture of the piles frequently occurs in many IAB variants. Recommendations on design modifications to improve the seismic behavior of IABs by limiting the level of damage to these components are also investigated through modifying elastomeric bearing side retainer strength, fixed bearing strength, pier column size, and backfill contributions.

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