Integração De Dados Geológicos Na Prospecção De Aqüíferos

Abstract

RESUMOO aqüífero fraturado na Formação Serra Geral, constituído por derrames basálticos J-K da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná, Brasil, possui grande importância, pois é um recurso muito utilizado, tanto nas atividades de abastecimento, como no desenvolvimento de atividades industriais, agrícolas e recreativas. Esse sistema é caracterizado por uma forte anisotropia, evidenciada através de suas características hidrodinâmicas, e condicionado por diferentes fatores geológicos (estruturas, relevo, litologia e solos). Em função dessas características, cada região onde ocorre pode apresentar graus de potencialidades diferenciados, o que implica na necessidade de uma análise e integração dos diferentes fatores geológicos. A integração desses dados foi realizada com o emprego do programa SPRING e de rotinas de processamento denominadas de medidas de classes, tabulação cruzada e a técnica AHP (Processo Analítico Hierárquico). Com a integração e análise dos fatores condicionantes, pode-se identificar que o fator principal corresponde ao sistema estrutural, e que os condicionantes secundários são a litologia, relevo e solos. Além disso, pode-se evidenciar que regiões apresentando lineamentos (orientações N30-40W, N50-60W, N20-30E e N40-50E) associadas a relevos com baixo grau de dissecação, baixa declividade (abaixo de 30%), solos do tipo Neossolo, Cambissolo, Podzólicos e rochas vulcânicas ácidas possuem maiores chances para ocorrência de aqüíferos fraturados. Por fim, com a integração dos dados sugere-se, um modelo prospectivo baseado em duas etapas: a primeira etapa é caracterizada pelo levantamento estrutural, enquanto a segunda é marcada pela análise dos fatores secundários (relevo, litologia e solos).Palavras Chave: Aqüíferos Fraturados, Prospecção de Aqüíferos, Formação Serra Geral. ABSTRACTThe fractured aquifer at the Serra Geral Formation, constituted of basaltic lava flow J-K of the Parana Sedimentary Basin, Brazil possesses a great importance, since it is a commonly used resource, be it for supplying activities or for the development of industrial, agricultural and entertainment activities as well. Such system is characterized by a powerful anysotropy manifested by its hydrodynamic features and subjected to different geological factors (structures, relief, lithology and soil). Due to these characteristics each region may present differential potentiality degrees which imply the necessity of an analysis and an integration of the different geological factors. Such data integration was carried out using SPRING program and processing routines named class measurements, crossed tabulation and AHP technique (Analytic Hierarchic Process). With the integration and the analysis of the contingent factors one may identify that the main factor corresponds to the structural system and that secondary contingents are lithology, relief and soils. Furthermore, one may make it evident that the regions which present lineaments (orientations N30-40W, N50-60W, N20-30E and N40-50E) associated to reliefs with a low level of dissection, low ...

Groundwater recharge study based on hydrological data and hydrological modelling in a South American volcanic aquifer

“…The results (SFV: 530 ± 170 mm and SFF: 352 ± 141 mm) were close to those obtained in the The lower groundwater reservoir discharges for the SFF could be explained by its high slopes, which affect the occurrence of groundwater recharge. Additionally, the occurrence of groundwater soil phreatic aquifer is quite common in SASG (Reginato and Strieder, 2006), which may contribute to high values of interflow, which is a more dynamic low-residence-time reservoir.…”

“…To understand groundwater recharge and to interpret the results of each method, a conceptual model was formulated. Some physical characteristics such as climate, geology, soils type, topography, hydrology, and land use are factors in determining the occurrence of recharge (Healy, 2010;Reginato and Strieder, 2006). As such, the physical aspects of the watersheds were also taken into account.…”

Compartmentation in the Guarani Aquifer System northeastern region of the Rio Grande do Sul State

“…On the other hand, the NE lineaments may be related to the Blumenau/Soledade Fault Zone, Dorsal de Canguçu Fault System (DCFS), and Antas River Lineament (ARL). For Reginato and Strieder (2006), the E-W and N-S lineaments correspond to two important fields of tension efforts, which according to Zalán et al (1990) is related to the separation process between South America and Africa. Figure 3 -Lineaments for the scale 1:1,000,000 and the respective Rose diagram…”

Groundwater nitrate contamination: Assessment and treatment using Moringa oleifera Lam. seed extract and activated carbon filtration

“…The number of studies that reveal concentrations of this ion > 0.1 mg Á L À1 is increasing. [32,34,35,36] According to Athayde et al, [37] the occurrence of phosphorus is most often localized, and it is associated with anthropic effluents in urban areas and/or with the application of agricultural correctives and fertilizer industries. Thus, the presence of orthophosphates in the analyzed wells indicates the influence of anthropic contamination.…”