Intakes of fruits and vegetables, carotenoids and vitamins A, E, C in relation to the risk of bladder cancer in the ATBC cohort study

Abstract

We examined the relation between dietary fruit and vegetables, carotenoids and vitamin intakes and the risk of bladder cancer among male smokers in a prospective cohort study. Over a median of 11 years, we followed 27 111 male smokers aged 50 -69 years who were initially enrolled in the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. During this period, 344 men developed bladder cancer. All of these men had completed a 276-food item dietary questionnaire at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relative risks and 95% confidence intervals and to simultaneously adjust for age, smoking history, energy intake and intervention group. Consumption of fruits and vegetables was not associated with the risk of bladder cancer (relative risk=1.28; 95% confidence intervals CI: 0.89 -1.84, for highest vs lowest quintile). Similarly, no associations were observed for groups of fruits or vegetables (berries and cruciferous vegetables), or for specific fruits and vegetables. Dietary intakes of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, vitamins A, E, and C, and folate were not related to the risk of bladder cancer. These findings suggest that fruit and vegetable intakes are not likely to be associated with bladder cancer risk. However, these results may not be generalisable to nonsmokers.

Consumption of vegetables and fruit and the risk of bladder cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

“…23,31,32 Cigarette smoking is the most important established risk factor for bladder cancer. 4 The effect of vegetables and fruit intake on the risk of bladder cancer may differ between smokers and non smokers.…”

Consumption of Raw Cruciferous Vegetables is Inversely Associated with Bladder Cancer Risk

“…Several studies have previously examined the association between cruciferous vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). However, to our knowledge, only one study (16), published in 1999, reported a statistically significant inverse association (relative risk = 0.49 for the highest versus the lowest cruciferous vegetable consumption; 95% CI, 0.32-0.75, P for trend = 0.008).…”

“…Only a few epidemiologic studies have investigated the relationship between bladder cancer risk and intake of cruciferous vegetables, with inconsistent findings (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Not accounting for whether cruciferous vegetables are eaten raw or cooked may partly explain this inconsistency, because cooking may substantially destroy and/or reduce isothiocyanates obtained from cruciferous vegetables, subsequently attenuating the cancer-preventive potential of these vegetables.…”

β‐Ionone suppresses mammary carcinogenesis, proliferative activity and induces apoptosis in the mammary gland of the Sprague‐Dawley rat

“…[1][2][3][4] Failing to demonstrate an inverse relationship between cancer incidence and consumption of the vitamins prominent in these plant products, investigators have turned attention to the many classes of nutrient phytochemical constituents also present in these foods. 5 Specific isoprenoids, culled from a group of some 22,000 products of secondary plant metabolic pathways sharing a common precursor, mevalonic acid, 6 have demonstrated anticarcinogenic and chemoprotective activities.…”