Intake of water and beverages of children and adolescents in 13 countries

Guelinckx, Isabelle; Iglesia, Iris; Bottin, J.; Miguel-Etayo, Pilar De; González-Gil, Esther M.; Salas‐Salvadó, Jordi; Kavouras, Stavros A.; Gandy, Joan; Martı́nez, Homero; Bardosono, Saptawati; Abdollahi, Morteza; Nasseri, Esmat; Jarosz, Agnieszka; Ma, Guansheng; Carmuega, Estéban; Thiébaut, Isabelle; Moreno, Luís A.

doi:10.1007/s00394-015-0955-5

Cited by 94 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…When accomplished, this method will reduce measurement error, facilitate interpretation of data and allow valid comparisons between population groups and countries. The Liq.In 7 surveys aimed to address these limitations by consistently using a harmonized survey protocol and a 7-day fluid-specific record, in comparisons of TFI and types of beverages consumed by children, adolescents and adults across 13 countries [26][27][28][29] .…”

Section: Current Methodologies For Assessing Tfimentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of Assessment Methods for Fluid Intake

et al. 2016

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Reliable data at population level are essential to firmly establish links between fluid intake, hydration and health, investigate dose-response relationships and develop meaningful public health strategies or reference intake values. However, limited research exists regarding the most appropriate methodology for assessing beverage or total fluid intake (TFI). To date, methodologies have been developed to assess food and nutrient intake without due consideration of water or fluid intake behavior. A recent crossover study showed that a 24-hour food recall significantly underestimated mean TFI by 382 ml (95% CI 299-465) compared with a fluid specific 7-day record. The authors postulated that this average difference was mainly the result of missed drinking acts between meals a 24-hour recall was used. Using a 7-day record administered in paper form or on-line has also been shown to lead to a significantly different mean TFI of 129 ml. Therefore, the choice of methodology might result in measurement errors that limit between-survey or between-country comparisons. Such errors may contribute to variations in estimates of TFI that cannot be explained by differences in climate, physical activity or cultural habits. A recent survey confirmed the variation in methodologies used in European national dietary surveys. Since these surveys form the basis for setting adequate intakes for total water intake, measurement error between surveys should be limited, highlighting the need for the development of a consistent methodology that is validated for water and TFI estimation.

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Section: Current Methodologies For Assessing Tfimentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of Assessment Methods for Fluid Intake

et al. 2016

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“…In 7 surveys did not meet the adequate intake for water from fluids derived from EFSA [24]. Focusing on the quality of fluid intake, these surveys demonstrated that the contribution of SSB and fruit juices to TFI in children exceeded that of water in 6 out of 13 countries [25]. Moreover, 55% of children and adolescents in the sample consumed more than 1 serving of SSB daily, while up to 21% did not drink water on a daily basis in some countries (unpublished data).…”

Section: Water and Fluid Intake Habits Of Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydration in Children: What Do We Know and Why Does it Matter?

et al. 2019

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In children, maintaining adequate fluid intake and hydration is important for physiological reasons and for the adoption of healthy, sustainable drinking habits. In the Liq.In⁷ cross-sectional surveys involving 6,469 children (4–17 years) from 13 countries, 60% of children did not meet the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) adequate intake for water from fluids. Beyond fluid quantity, the quality of what children drink is important for health. In these surveys, the contribution of sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit juices to total fluid intake (TFI) in children exceeded that of water in 6 out of 13 countries. To assess the adequacy of children’s fluid intake, urinary biomarkers of hydration such as urine osmolality, urine specific gravity, and urine color may be used. To date, while there are no widely accepted specific threshold values for urine concentration to define adequate hydration in children, the available literature suggests that many children have highly concentrated urine, indicating insufficient fluid intake. This is worrisome since studies have demonstrated a relationship between low fluid intake or insufficient hydration and cognitive performance in children. Furthermore, results of the Liq.In⁷ surveys showed that at school – where children spend a significant amount of time and require optimal cognitive performance – children drink only 14% of their TFI. Consequently, it is pertinent to better understand the barriers to drinking water at school and encourage the promotion of water intake through multicomponent interventions that combine educational, environmental, and behavioral aspects to support adequate hydration as well as optimal cognition in children.

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“…In 12 out of 13 datasets analyzed by Iglesia et al [4], estimated water intakes are below the EFSA standards for over 20 % of children and adolescents. In many countries, drinking water accounts for less than half of reported fluid intake for children [5]. Overall, only 40 % of men and 60 % of women surveyed appear to meet the acceptable intakes for water intake from fluids as set by EFSA [6].…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Iglesia et al [4], Guelinckx et al [5], and Ferreira-Pêgo et al [6] describe absolute and relative water intake in children, adolescents, and adults from surveys with similar 7-day water intake assessment methodologies in 13 countries.…”

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confidence: 99%