Intake of sweet foods and counts of cariogenic microorganisms in relation to body mass index and psychometric variables in women

Barkeling, Britta; Linné, Yvonne; Lindroos, Anna‐Karin; Birkhed, Dowen; Rooth, P.; Rössner, Stephan

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802034

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Our finding that higher BMI Z-score was positively associated with higher counts of MS in children is novel although in line with earlier findings in adult populations (15)(16)(17) . In the age-adjusted model higher BMI Z-score was positively associated with higher counts of MS and the association was strengthened in the multivariable model.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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BMI, eating habits and sleep in relation to salivary counts of mutans streptococci in children – the IDEFICS Sweden study

Arvidsson

Birkhed

Hunsberger

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between salivary counts of mutans streptococci (MS) and children's weight status, while considering associated covariates. MS ferments carbohydrates from the diet and contributes to caries by lowering the pH in dental plaque. In adults, high counts of MS in saliva have been associated with overweight, but this has not been shown in children. Design: Cross-sectional study investigating salivary counts of MS, BMI Z-score, waist circumference, meal frequency, sugar propensity and sleep duration, in children. Setting: West Sweden. Subjects: Children (n 271) aged 4-11 years. Results: Medium-high counts of MS were positively associated with higher BMI Z-score (OR = 1·6; 95 % CI 1·1, 2·3). Positive associations were also found between medium-high counts of MS and more frequent meals per day (OR = 1·5; 95 % CI 1·1, 2·2), greater percentage of sugar-rich foods consumed (OR = 1·1; 95 % CI 1·0, 1·3) and female sex (OR = 2·4; 95 % CI 1·1, 5·4). A negative association was found between medium-high counts of MS and longer sleep duration (OR = 0·5; 95 % CI 0·3, 1·0). Conclusions: BMI Z-score was associated with counts of MS. Promoting adequate sleep duration and limiting the intake frequency of sugar-rich foods and beverages could provide multiple benefits in public health interventions aimed at reducing dental caries and childhood overweight.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…High counts of MS in saliva can be used as a biomarker for intake of fermentable carbohydrates (14) , and positive associations between MS and BMI have been identified in adults (15)(16)(17) but not in children (18) or adolescents (17) . Given the obesity epidemic, the link between overweight and risk of dental caries is of interest.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

BMI, eating habits and sleep in relation to salivary counts of mutans streptococci in children – the IDEFICS Sweden study

Arvidsson

Birkhed

Hunsberger

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Only three studies have been published earlier where the relationship between salivary bacteria counts and BMI have been analysed [31][32][33] . They all found significant associations between bacteria levels and BMI, even though not in all separate analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between salivary bacteria and reported sugar intake and their relationship with body mass index in women and their adolescent children

Vågstrand

Lindroos

Birkhed

et al. 2008

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To study associations between reported sugar intake and salivary bacteria (mutans streptococci, MS and lactobacilli, LB), and sugar intake in relation to body mass index (BMI), in women and adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional study. Habitual dietary intake was reported in a questionnaire and whole saliva samples were collected and cultivated. Setting: Stockholm, Sweden. Subjects: Four hundred and fourteen mothers and their 16-year-old children (57% girls). Results: Reported total sugar intake was significantly associated with LB in mothers (P 5 0.001), but not in daughters and sons (P 5 0.03 for mother-son interaction). When excluding lactose, the associations with LB and MS were significant in daughters (P 5 0.032 and 0.005, respectively). High BMI and sugar intake from milk were independently associated with MS counts in mothers in a multiple regression model (R 2 5 0.053). In daughters, sugar from beverages, candies/chocolates and fruits were all independently associated with MS counts (R 2 5 0.074), whereas in sons, only mothers' MS counts were associated (R 2 5 0.084). High BMI, low intake from cooked meals and high intake of candies/chocolates were all independently associated with LB in mothers (R 2 5 0.076), while, except for candies/chocolates in daughters, no significant associations were found in children. BMI was significantly associated with bacteria counts in both mothers and children, whereas reported sugar intake was not. Conclusion:The associations between reported sugar intake and bacteria were generally weak. In mothers and daughters, some significant associations were found, but not in sons. Bacteria counts, but not reported sugar intake, were positively associated with BMI.

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“…2 However, the chocolate analysis was not hypothesis driven, and a single such association could occur by chance. In addition, only women were examined and the study used a single mood instrument that is not in frequent use in clinical studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mood Food

Rose¹

2010

Arch Intern Med

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Background Much lore but few studies describe a relation of chocolate to mood. We examined the cross-sectional relationship of chocolate consumption with depressed mood in adult men and women. Methods A sample of 1018 adults (694 men and 324 women) from San Diego, California, without diabetes or known coronary artery disease was studied in a cross-sectional analysis. The 931 subjects who were not using antidepressant medications and provided chocolate consumption information were the focus of the analysis. Mood was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Cut points signaling a positive depression screen result (CES-D score, ≥16) and probable major depression (CES-D score, ≥22) were used. Chocolate servings per week were provided by 1009 subjects. Chocolate consumption frequency and rate data from the Fred Hutchinson Food Frequency Questionnaire were also available for 839 subjects. Chocolate consumption was compared for those with lower vs higher CES-D scores. In addition, a test of trend was performed. Results Those screening positive for possible depression (CES-D score ≥16) had higher chocolate consumption (8.4 servings per month) than those not screening positive (5.4 servings per month) (P = .004); those with still higher CES-D scores (≥22) had still higher chocolate consumption (11.8 servings per month) (P value for trend, <.01). These associations extended to both men and women. These findings did not appear to be explained by a general increase in fat, carbohydrate, or energy intake. Conclusion Higher CES-D depression scores were associated with greater chocolate consumption. Whether there is a causal connection, and if so in which direction, is a matter for future prospective study.

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Intake of sweet foods and counts of cariogenic microorganisms in relation to body mass index and psychometric variables in women

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

BMI, eating habits and sleep in relation to salivary counts of mutans streptococci in children – the IDEFICS Sweden study

BMI, eating habits and sleep in relation to salivary counts of mutans streptococci in children – the IDEFICS Sweden study

Associations between salivary bacteria and reported sugar intake and their relationship with body mass index in women and their adolescent children

Mood Food

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