Intake of Meat, Fish, Fruits, and Vegetables and Long-Term Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

248)Background: The links between diet and the risk of dementia have never been studied taking into account the possibility of protopathic bias (i.e., reverse causation). Objective:We aimed to examine the relationship between consumption frequency of meat, fish, fruits and vegetables and long-term risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), by taking into account this possibility. Methods:We analysed data of 5934 volunteers aged 65 and over from the Three-city study who were followed every 2 to 4 years for 12 years. Dietary habits were assessed at inclusion using a brief food frequency questionnaire. The presence of symptoms of dementia was investigated at each follow-up visit. To limit the risk of protopathic bias, a 4-year lag window between exposure and disease assessment was implemented by excluding from the analyses all dementia cases that occurred during the first four years after inclusion. Analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazard model and were adjusted for socio-demographic, lifestyle and health factors. Results:The average follow-up time was 9·8 years. During this period, 662 cases of dementia, including 466 of AD, were identified. After adjustment, only low meat consumption (≤ 1time/week) was associated with an increased risk of dementia and AD compared with regular consumption (≥4times/week) (HR=1·58 95%CI=[1·17-2·14], HR=1·67 95%CI=[1·18-2·37], respectively). No association was found between the consumption of fish, raw fruits, or cooked fruits and vegetables and the risk of dementia or AD. Conclusion:These findings suggest very low meat consumption increases the long-term risk of dementia and AD, and that a protopathic bias could have impacted finding from previous studies. 4

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“…Diet may have an impact on the cognitive health. Studies in the United States, France, Brazil, and China found that regular consumption of fish, nuts, fruit, or vegetables is associated with improved cognitive function (5)(6)(7). Considering the complex interaction among various nutrients and food, research on the relationship between dietary patterns and cognition has received more and more attention.…”

Effect of MIND Diet Intervention on Cognitive Performance and Brain Structure in Healthy Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…On the other hand, restrictions on the intake of red meat, saturated fats, and pastries are other essential components of the MIND pattern. These components can have detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system and consequently have been related to a more considerable cognitive decline and risk of dementia (37). As a result, these nutrients may have an independent mechanism of action that synergistically protect against neurological pathogenesis.…”