Intake of fatty acids in Western Europe with emphasis on trans fatty acids: The TRANSFAIR study

Hulshof, K.F.A.M.; Erp-Baart, M.A. van; Anttolainen, M.; Becker, Wulf; Church, S. M.; Couet, Charles; Hermann-Kunz, E.; Kesteloot, Hugo; Leth, Torben; Martins, Inês L.; Moreiras, O; Moschandreas, Joanna; Pizzoferrato, L.; Rimestad, A. H.; Þorgeirsdóttir, Hólmfríður; Amelsvoort, J.M.M. van; Aro, Antti; Kafatos, Anthony; Lanzmann‐Petithory, Dominique; Poppel, G. van

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600692

Cited by 356 publications

(273 citation statements)

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“…The data of Hulshof et al (1999) indicate that in the United Kingdom, milk and dairy products supply about 40% of all SFA (Table 4), somewhat higher than the data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (Henderson et al, 2003). Thus, it may be argued that reducing the intake of SFA would simply be achieved by reducing the consumption of milk and dairy products.…”

Section: Milk and Dairy Products As Sources Of Saturated Fatty Acids mentioning

confidence: 74%

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Milk and meat in our diet: good or bad for health?

Givens

2010

Animal

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Foods derived from animals are an important source of nutrients in the diet but there is considerable uncertainty about whether or not these foods contribute to increased risk of various chronic diseases. For milk in particular there appears to be an enormous mismatch between both the advice given on milk/dairy foods items by various authorities and public perceptions of harm from the consumption of milk and dairy products, and the evidence from long-term prospective cohort studies. Such studies provide convincing evidence that increased consumption of milk can lead to reductions in the risk of vascular disease and possibly some cancers and of an overall survival advantage from the consumption of milk, although the relative effect of milk products is unclear. Accordingly, simply reducing milk consumption in order to reduce saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake is not likely to produce benefits overall though the production of dairy products with reduced SFA contents is likely to be helpful. For red meat there is no evidence of increased risk of vascular diseases though processed meat appears to increase the risk substantially. There is still conflicting and inconsistent evidence on the relationship between consumption of red meat and the development of colorectal cancer, but this topic should not be ignored. Likewise, the role of poultry meat and its products as sources of dietary fat and fatty acids is not fully clear. There is concern about the likely increase in the prevalence of dementia but there are few data on the possible benefits or risks from milk and meat consumption. The future role of animal nutrition in creating foods closer to the optimum composition for long-term human health will be increasingly important. Overall, the case for increased milk consumption seems convincing, although the case for high-fat dairy products and red meat is not. Processed meat products do seem to have negative effects on long-term health and although more research is required, these effects do need to be put into the context of other risk factors to long-term health such as obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption.Keywords: milk, meat, chronic disease, animal nutrition ImplicationsIncreasing obesity and an ageing population increase the risk of chronic disease and its associated financial cost substantially. Diet is a modifier of risk and since milk, meat and their products are staple components of most Western diets, it is very important to understand whether these foods increase or decrease the risk of chronic disease. Milk appears to provide some worthwhile reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer and while this needs further understanding, the implications for milk production and milk consumers are potentially very substantial. There remains uncertainty about the effects of red meat and processed meat in the diet and these need urgent clarification both for the consumer and the producer. IntroductionPublic health nutrition is facing multiple and major challenges. In particular, there are three m...

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Section: Milk and Dairy Products As Sources Of Saturated Fatty Acids mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The TRANSFAIR study (Hulshof et al, 1999) showed that in all the European countries studied, trans isomers of C18:1 were by far the primary TFA in diets. For example, in France and the Netherlands, they represented 54% and 82% of dietary TFA intake by women.…”

Section: Milk and Dairy Products As Sources Of Trans-fatty Acids (Tfa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk and meat in our diet: good or bad for health?

Givens

2010

Animal

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“…Intake levels of TFAs found in this study were lower than those reported earlier in Northern America and several European countries. Differences in estimates can, apart from actual differences in intakes, be attributable to differences in food intake data used, differences in analytical methods used for assessing the TFA content and industrial lowering of TFA after the public turmoil on this issue in the past years (Hulshof et al, 1999). Within the TRANSFAIR study, the TFA intake for the separate countries was estimated using data from national food surveys (TRANS-FAIR part 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between trans fatty acid intake and cardiovascular risk factors in Europe: the TRANSFAIR study

et al. 2000

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Background: High intakes of trans fatty acids (TFA) have been found to exert an undesirable effect on serum lipid pro®les, and thus may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Objective: Investigation of the association between TFA intake and serum lipids. Design: Cross-sectional study in eight European countries (Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden) among 327 men and 299 women (50 ± 65 y). Using a dietary history method, food consumption was assessed and TFA intake was calculated with recent ®gures on TFA levels of foods, collected in the TRANSFAIR study. Results: Mean ( AE s.d.) TFA intake was 2.40 AE 1.53 gaday for men and 1.98 AE 1.49 gaday for women (0.87 AE 0.48% and 0.95 AE 0.55% of energy, respectively), with the highest consumption in Iceland and the lowest in the Mediterranean countries. No associations were found between total TFA intake and LDL, HDL or LDLaHDL ratio after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Additional adjustment for other fatty acid clusters resulted in a signi®cant inverse trend between total TFA intake and total cholesterol (P trend`0 .03).The most abundantly occurring TFA isomer, C18:1 t, contributed substantially to this inverse association. The TFA isomers C14:1 t9, C16:1 t9 and C22:1 t were not associated or were positively associated with LDL or total cholesterol. Conclusions: From this study we conclude that at the current European intake levels of trans fatty acids they are not associated with an unfavourable serum lipid pro®le.

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“…Higher intakes of trans fatty acids (FA) are also associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk (Shingfield et al, 2008). Milk and dairy products are an important source of fat, SFA and trans FA in the human diet (Hulshof et al, 1999), and therefore there is considerable interest in altering milk FA composition to improve long-term human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet on bovine milk fatty acid composition

Kliem

Morgan

Humphries

et al. 2008

Animal

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Even though extensive research has examined the role of nutrition on milk fat composition, there is less information on the impact of forages on milk fatty acid (FA) composition. In the current study, the effect of replacing grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) as part of a total mixed ration on animal performance and milk FA composition was examined using eight multiparous mid-lactation cows in a replicated 4 3 4 Latin square with 28-day experimental periods. Four treatments comprised the stepwise replacement of GS with MS (0, 160, 334 and 500 g/kg dry matter (DM)) in diets containing a 54 : 46 forage : concentrate ratio on a DM basis. Replacing GS with MS increased (P , 0.001) the DM intake, milk yield and milk protein content. Incremental replacement of GS with MS in the diet enhanced linearly (P , 0.001) the proportions of 6:0-14:0, decreased (P , 0.01) the 16:0 concentrations, but had no effect on the total milk fat saturated fatty acid content. Inclusion of MS altered the distribution of trans-18:1 isomers and enhanced (P , 0.05) total trans monounsaturated fatty acid and total conjugated linoleic acid content. Milk total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content decreased with higher amounts of MS in the diet and n-6 PUFA concentration increased, leading to an elevated n-6 : n-3 PUFA ratio. Despite some beneficial changes associated with the replacement of GS with MS, the overall effects on milk FA composition would not be expected to substantially improve long-term human health. However, the role of forages on milk fat composition must also be balanced against the increases in total milk and protein yield on diets containing higher proportions of MS.

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Intake of fatty acids in Western Europe with emphasis on trans fatty acids: The TRANSFAIR study

Cited by 356 publications

References 29 publications

Milk and meat in our diet: good or bad for health?

Milk and meat in our diet: good or bad for health?

Association between trans fatty acid intake and cardiovascular risk factors in Europe: the TRANSFAIR study

Effect of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet on bovine milk fatty acid composition

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