Intake of Fatty Acids in General Populations Worldwide Does Not Meet Dietary Recommendations to Prevent Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review of Data from 40 Countries

Harika, Rajwinder K.; Eilander, Ans; Alssema, Marjan; Osendarp, Saskia; Zock, P.L.

doi:10.1159/000355437

Cited by 126 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…There is compelling evidence that the majority of people from industrialised countries do not meet professional recommendations for eating a healthy diet (EFSA, 2016;Harika, Eilander, Alssema, Osendarp, & Zock, 2013;Krebs-Smith, Guenther, Subar, Kirkpatrick, & Dodd, 2010). A telling example is an Australian study in middle-aged women that revealed that only two women in a sample of 10,561 participants met the 13 dietary guidelines that were examined (Ball, Mishra, Thane, & Hodge, 2004).…”

Section: Adhering To Dietary Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy diet: Health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions

Ridder

Kroese

Evers

et al. 2017

Psychology & Health

194

134

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Objective: To discuss healthy diet from a psychological perspective by considering definitions of healthy diet in terms of consumer understanding; the health effects of specific dietary elements in terms of overweight and (chronic) illness; the prevalence of healthy diet; the psychological and environmental determinants of healthy diet; and the psychological interventions that have been designed to promote healthy diet. Design: A systematic review of the psychological literature on healthy diet. Results: Our findings suggest that consumers have a relatively poor understanding of a healthy diet. The literature also demonstrates that there is poor evidence on the health protective effects of single foods or nutrients. We further show that low SES is the single consistent risk factor for not adhering to a healthy diet. Our review of the literature on determinants demonstrates that intentions, habits, self-regulatory skills, and the social and physical environment are the most important determinants of a healthy diet, which are in turn amenable to change by intervention strategies with varying levels of effectiveness. Educational interventions generally show a limited effect on practising a healthy diet whereas interventions targeting habitual behaviour and/or the physical environment seem more promising. Conclusions: In view of the large number of people who are concerned about their diets and make attempts to change their dietary patterns, we conclude that it is crucial to gain a better understanding of both the automatic and environmental influences that are responsible for people not acting upon their good intentions for diet change.

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Section: Adhering To Dietary Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy diet: Health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions

Ridder

Kroese

Evers

et al. 2017

Psychology & Health

194

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Recent reviews on dietary fat and fatty acid intake in different countries around the world [10,11,12,13,14] are mainly based on data from national dietary surveys that do not include a representative subsample of these specific subgroups of the population. Moreover, in many of these dietary surveys, intake data of individual PUFAs are not reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review on N-3 and N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake in European Countries in Light of the Current Recommendations - Focus on Specific Population Groups

Sioen¹,

et al. 2017

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Background: Earlier reviews indicated that in many countries adults, children and adolescents consume on an average less polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) than recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organisation. Summary: The intake of total and individual n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in European infants, children, adolescents, elderly and pregnant/lactating women was evaluated systematically. Results: The evaluations were done against recommendations of the European Food Safety Authority. Key Messages: Fifty-three studies from 17 different European countries reported an intake of total n-3 and n-6 PUFAs and/or individual n-3 or n-6 PUFAs in at least one of the specific population groups: 10 in pregnant women, 4 in lactating women, 3 in infants 6-12 months, 6 in children 1-3 years, 11 in children 4-9 years, 8 in adolescents 10-18 years and 11 in elderly >65 years. Mean linoleic acid intake was within the recommendation (4 energy percentage [E%]) in 52% of the countries, with inadequate intakes more likely in lactating women, adolescents and elderly. Mean α-linolenic acid intake was within the recommendation (0.5 E%) in 77% of the countries. In 26% of the countries, mean eicosapentaenoic acid and/or docosahexaenoic acid intake was as recommended. These results indicate that intake of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs may be suboptimal in specific population groups in Europe.

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“…Ni av disse ble senere ekskludert; tre fordi de omhandlet kun forbruk av fett/inntak av fettsyrer i ulike land 87,88,140 , én fordi det var en planlagt kunnskapsoppsummering som ikke inkluderte noen studier 141 , to fordi de omhandlet markører som ikke er anerkjente kausale risikofaktorer 142,143 , én fordi den ikke var en systematisk oversikt 144 , én fordi den omhandlet et helhetlig middelhavskosthold og ikke fettkvalitet 145 og én fordi den var en metaanalyse av de samme studiene som var med i en tidligere metaanalyse av forfatterne 146 (denne er omtalt i kapittel 5). …”

Section: Resultat Av Litteratursøkunclassified

“…En oversikt over studier med voksne fra den generelle befolkningen i 40 ulike land fant at inntaket av totalt fett varierte fra 11 til 46 E%, og at inntaket av mettet fett varierte fra 3 E% i Bangladesh til 21 E% i Indonesia. I kun 11 av 40 land var gjennomsnittlig inntak av mettet fett lavere enn 10 E% 87 . En annen gjennomgang av nasjonale kostholdsundersøkelser og observasjonsstudier blant barn og unge fant at inntaket av mettet fett var høyere enn anbefalt i hele 28 av 30 land, unntakene var Japan og Sør-Afrika 88 .…”

Section: )unclassified