Intake, digestibility, methane and heat production in bison, wapiti and white-tailed deer

Galbraith, J. K.; Mathison, G. W.; Hudson, Robert J.; McAllister, Tim A.; Cheng, K.-J.

doi:10.4141/a97-089

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…1, 2c). The quadratic model is also congruent with decades of research on digestive physiology, demonstrating that elk are less adapted to processing grass than obligate grazers, but more adapted than obligate browsers (Mould and Robbins 1982;Wickstrom et al 1984;Baker and Hansen 1985;Galbraith et al 1998). Conversely, elk are less adapted to processing browse than obligate browsers, but more adapted that obligate grazers (Ward 1971;Mould and Robbins 1982;Baker and Hobbs 1987;Bellows et al 1996;Dehority et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Effects of grass and browse consumption on the winter mass dynamics of elk

Christianson

Creel

2008

Oecologia

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Much of the research into herbivore ecology and evolution has focused on patterns and mechanisms of niche partitioning in the diets of specialized grazers and browsers, but the significance of the balance of grazing and browsing within intermediate feeders present unique questions that have received less attention. We explored the nutritional effects of varying the balance of grass and browse in the winter diets of elk (Cervus elaphus). We compiled published data from three similar studies that monitored the mass dynamics of captive elk fed diets of pure grass, pure browse or 1 of 14 mixed diets in winter feeding trials. Elk lost mass (up to 22% of initial body weight) in 29 of 33 feeding trials, similar to wild elk in winter. We used regression models of mass dynamics, considering the linear, quadratic or logarithmic effects of the proportion of the diet that was grass ( approximately 1 - proportion of the diet that was browse) and the additive and interactive effects of nitrogen intake. Diet composition had strong effects on mass dynamics, and all models explained > or =73% of the variation (adjusted r (2)) in mass dynamics. Nitrogen intake had uniformly positive effects on mass balance, and increasing grass intake caused improved maintenance of body mass up to a point, but further increases in the proportion of grass in the diet had neutral or negative effects on body mass. Overall, the data suggest that elk are adapted to consuming mixed diets. Nonetheless, data on the foraging behavior and diet selection of wild elk in many populations show that elk often consume grass-dominated diets and sometimes consume browse-dominated diets, but rarely consume mixed diets. Physiological adaptations to mixed diets may place unique spatio-temporal constraints on diet selection in intermediate feeders and impose large penalties for a sub-optimal balance of grazing and browsing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Effects of grass and browse consumption on the winter mass dynamics of elk

Christianson

Creel

2008

Oecologia

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“…This resulted in a longer rumen retention time and increased CH 4 production. Galbraith et al (1998) reported CH 4 losses of 6.6, 5.2 and 3.3% GEI for bison (Bison bison), wapiti (Cervus elaphus) and white-tail deer (Odocoilleus virgianus), respectively, when fed lucerne pellets, with the lowered trend of CH 4 production corresponding with a reduction in retention time with the smaller animals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane production from dairy and beef heifers fed forages differing in nutrient density using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆) tracer gas technique

Boadi¹,

Wittenberg²

2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

127

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. 2002. Methane production from dairy and beef heifers fed forages differing in nutrient density using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) tracer gas technique. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82: [201][202][203][204][205][206]. The effects of cattle breed type [dairy (Holstein) versus beef (Charolais × Simmental)] and forage quality (high, medium and low) on methane production were measured under ad-libitum and restricted feeding conditions. The in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of the forage diets was high = 61.5%, medium = 50.7% and low = 38.5%. Each hay diet was fed to four animals (two dairy and two beef heifers) in three periods of four 3 × 3 Latin squares. Each period consisted of 23 d during which heifers were individually fed their assigned forage for 14 d on ad-libitum feeding. Following this, intake was restricted to 2% of body weight (BW) for 9 d. Methane production was measured for five 24-h intervals in each period at both levels of intake using the SF 6 gas technique. Methane production was not different (P > 0.05) between dairy (238.0 ± 6.9 L d -1 ) and beef cattle (228.6 ± 7.8 L d -1 ) under either level of feeding. Forage quality affected CH 4 (L d -1 ) output, with high = medium > low during ad-libitum feeding. This effect of forage quality on CH 4 production was absent during restricted feeding (P > 0.05). Day-to-day variation in CH 4 production was 26.9 and 27.1% on ad-libitum and restricted feeding respectively (P < 0.05), whereas animal-to-animal variation (P < 0.05) was 26.6% (ad libitum) and 25.3% (restricted). On ad-libitum feeding, dry matter intake (DMI) was strongly correlated (P = 0.0001; r = 0.8) with CH 4 production (L d -1 ), and accounted for 64% of daily variation in CH 4 production. Methane [L kg -1 digestible organic matter intake (DOMI)] was highest (P < 0.05) on low-quality diets under both feeding regimes, and was not influenced (P > 0.05) by cattle type. Methane production as a percent of gross energy intake (GEI) was not influenced by diet. It can be concluded that the SF 6 tracer technique provides a measure of enteric CH 4 production directly from animals under production conditions. There were no differences in CH 4 production between dairy and beef breeds, but the quality of forages affected CH 4 production under both ad-libitum and restricted feeding. Les auteurs ont mesuré l'incidence du type de bovin [race laitière (Holstein) ou de boucherie (Charolais × Simmental)]et de la qualité du fourrage (haute, moyenne, faible) sur le volume de méthane produit par des génisses nourries à satiété ou rationnées. La digestibilité in vitro de la matière sèche organique correspondait à 61,5 % pour le fourrage de haute qualité, à 50,7 % pour celui de qualité moyenne et à 38,5 % pour celui de faible qualité. Chaque type de fourrage a été servi à quatre animaux (2 géniss-es laitières et 2 de boucherie) trois périodes durant, en quatre carrés latins 3 × 3. Chaque période comportait 23 jours durant lesquels les animaux ont chacun reçu le type de fourrage qui leur avait été attribué à sat...

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“…These include the use of respiration calorimetry chambers (Kelly et al 1994;Galbraith et al 1998;Murray et al 1999), isotopic techniques (Murray et al 1976;France et al 1993), tracer techniques [sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 )], Kaharabata et al 2000; and mass balance/micrometeorological techniques (Lassey et al 1997;Sauer et al 1998;Harper et al 1999). The advantages and disadvantages of each method have been reviewed by Johnson and Johnson (1995).…”

Section: Measurement Of Methane Emission From Dairy Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions from dairy cows: Update review

Boadi¹,

Benchaar²,

Chiquette³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

411

296

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. 2004. Mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions from dairy cows: Update review. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 319-335. Enteric methane (CH 4 ) emission is a major contributor to Canadian greenhouse gas emissions, and also a loss of feed energy during production. The objective of this paper is to provide an update on current management practices and new dietary strategies recently proposed to reduce CH 4 emissions from ruminants. Existing mitigation strategies for dairy, e.g., the addition of ionophores, fats, use of high-quality forages, and increased use of grains, have been well researched and applied. These nutritional changes reduce CH 4 emissions by manipulating ruminal fermentation, directly inhibiting methanogens and protozoa, or by diverting hydrogen ions away from methanogens. Current literature has identified new CH 4 mitigation options. These include the addition of probiotics, acetogens, bacteriocins, archaeal viruses, organic acids, plant extracts (e.g., essential oils) to the diet, as well as immunization, and genetic selection of cows. These new strategies are promising, but more research is needed to validate these approaches and to assess in vivo their effectiveness in reducing CH 4 production by dairy cows. It is also important to evaluate CH 4 mitigation strategies in terms of the total greenhouse gas budget and to consider the cost associated with the various strategies. More basic understanding of the natural differences in digestion efficiencies among animals as well as a better knowledge of methanogens and their interaction with other organisms in the rumen would enable us to exploit the potential of some of the new CH 4 mitigation strategies for dairy cattle production. Key words: Enteric methane, dairy cattle, mitigationBoadi, D., Benchaar, C., Chiquette, J. et Massé, D. 2004. Stratégies visant à réduire les dégagements de méthane entérique des vaches laitières: bilan. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 319-335. Le méthane (CH 4 ) d'origine entérique contribue dans une large mesure aux émissions canadiennes de gaz à effet de serre et entraîne une perte de l'énergie tirée des aliments durant la production. Le présent article fait le point sur les pratiques de zootechnie actuelles et sur les stratégies d'engraissement récemment proposées pour réduire les dégagements de CH 4 des ruminants. Les stratégies d'atténuation existantes (addition d'ionophores, matière grasse, utilisation de fourrages de grande qualité, plus grande utilisation de grains) ont fait l'objet de maintes recherches et sont désormais bien appliquées. Les changements nutritionnels qu'elles introduisent diminuent les émissions de CH 4 en modifiant la fermentation dans le rumen, en inhibant directement la production de méthanogènes et la population de protozoaires ainsi qu'en détournant les ions hydrogène des méthanogènes. La documentation scientifique mentionne de nouvelles méthodes pour atténuer la libération de CH 4 . Ces méthodes comprennent l'ajout de probiotiques, d'acétogènes, de bactériocine, de virus archaïques, d'aci...

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Intake, digestibility, methane and heat production in bison, wapiti and white-tailed deer

Cited by 38 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of grass and browse consumption on the winter mass dynamics of elk

Effects of grass and browse consumption on the winter mass dynamics of elk

Methane production from dairy and beef heifers fed forages differing in nutrient density using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆) tracer gas technique

Mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions from dairy cows: Update review

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Intake, digestibility, methane and heat production in bison, wapiti and white-tailed deer

Cited by 38 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of grass and browse consumption on the winter mass dynamics of elk

Effects of grass and browse consumption on the winter mass dynamics of elk

Methane production from dairy and beef heifers fed forages differing in nutrient density using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique

Mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions from dairy cows: Update review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Methane production from dairy and beef heifers fed forages differing in nutrient density using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆) tracer gas technique