Intake and metabolism of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: nutritional implications for cardiometabolic diseases

Schulze, Matthias B.; Minihane, Anne‐Marie; Saleh, Rasha Noureldin M.; Risérus, Ulf

doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30148-0

Cited by 123 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(176 reference statements)

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“…LA (C18:3) and AA (C20:4) are among the essential fatty acids that must be provided in human's diets 86 . Plants have been recommended as source of these essential fatty acids.…”

Section: Lipids Supplementation As Inhibitory Mechanism To Sars‐cov‐2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid‐based therapies against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Alketbi

Hamdy

El-Kabalawy

et al. 2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Summary Viruses have evolved to manipulate host lipid metabolism to benefit their replication cycle. Enveloped viruses, including coronaviruses, use host lipids in various stages of the viral life cycle, particularly in the formation of replication compartments and envelopes. Host lipids are utilised by the virus in receptor binding, viral fusion and entry, as well as viral replication. Association of dyslipidaemia with the pathological development of Covid‐19 raises the possibility that exploitation of host lipid metabolism might have therapeutic benefit against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). In this review, promising host lipid targets are discussed along with potential inhibitors. In addition, specific host lipids are involved in the inflammatory responses due to viral infection, so lipid supplementation represents another potential strategy to counteract the severity of viral infection. Furthermore, switching the lipid metabolism through a ketogenic diet is another potential way of limiting the effects of viral infection. Taken together, restricting the access of host lipids to the virus, either by using lipid inhibitors or supplementation with exogenous lipids, might significantly limit SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and/or severity.

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“…LA (C18:3) and AA (C20:4) are among the essential fatty acids that must be provided in human's diets 86 . Plants have been recommended as source of these essential fatty acids.…”

Section: Lipids Supplementation As Inhibitory Mechanism To Sars‐cov‐2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid‐based therapies against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Alketbi

Hamdy

El-Kabalawy

et al. 2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…Studies investigating interactions between FADS genes and diet are scarce and most of them have been performed without pre‐selected genotypes. [ 7,16 ] Definite answers regarding true genotype x diet interactions need well‐planned intervention studies with specific hypotheses and pre‐selected genotypes. Furthermore, it is important to study FADS genotype x diet interactions by dietary manipulation of short‐chain PUFAs (LA and ALA), since long‐chain PUFAs are not the main substrates for desaturases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it is important to study FADS genotype x diet interactions by dietary manipulation of short‐chain PUFAs (LA and ALA), since long‐chain PUFAs are not the main substrates for desaturases. [ 16 ] A recent intervention study with high‐LA and high‐gamma‐linoleic acid oil supplements with stratified FADS genotypes indicated a key role for FADS variation in the balance of di‐homo‐gamma‐linolenic acid and ARA in serum. [ 17 ] Furthermore, in our previous study (FADSDIET1) we found that a 4‐week high‐LA diet effects on the proportion of ARA in phospholipids (PLs) and cholesteryl esters, concentrations of high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and fasting glucose were different between healthy men with rs174550‐TT and rs174550‐CC genotypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The FADS1 Genotype Modifies Metabolic Responses to the Linoleic Acid and Alpha‐linolenic Acid Containing Plant Oils–Genotype Based Randomized Trial FADSDIET2

Lankinen

Mello

Meuronen

et al. 2021

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope The article investigates the FADS1 rs174550 genotype interaction with dietary intakes of high linoleic acid (LA) and high alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) on the response of fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids (PLs), and of markers of low‐grade inflammation and glucose‐insulin homeostasis. Methods and results One‐hundred thirty homozygotes men for FADS1 rs174550 SNP (TT and CC genotypes) were randomized to an 8‐week intervention with either LA‐ or ALA‐enriched diet (13 E% PUFA). The source of LA and ALA are 30–50 mL of sunflower oil (SFO, 62–63% LA) and Camelina sativa oil (CSO, 30– are randomized to an 35% ALA), respectively. In the SFO arm, there is a significant genotype x diet interaction for the proportion of arachidonic acid in plasma phospholipids (p < 0.001), disposition index (DI30) (p = 0.039), and for serum high‐sensitive c‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP, p = 0.029) after excluding the participants with hs‐CRP concentration of >10 mg L‐1 and users of statins or anti‐inflammatory therapy. In the CSO arm, there are significant genotype x diet interactions for n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, but not for the clinical characteristics. Conclusions The FADS1 genotype modifies the response to high PUFA diets, especially to high‐LA diet. These findings suggest that approaches considering FADS variation may be useful in personalized dietary counseling.

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“…A high n -6 to n -3 PUFA ratio has raised concerns for a long time, in particular, on its inflammatory effects. However, no study seems to support the impact of higher levels of omega-6 than n -3 PUFA on inflammation or oxidative stress [ 81 ].…”

Section: Fat Intake and Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Fat Intake on Blood Glucose Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

2021

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Nutrition therapy is a cornerstone of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management. Glycemic control is affected by diet composition, which can contribute to the development of diabetes complications. However, the specific role of macronutrients is still debated, particularly fat intake. This review aims at assessing the relationship between fat intake and glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, and microbiota, in children and adolescents with T1D. High fat meals are followed by delayed and prolonged hyperglycemia and higher glycated hemoglobin A1c levels have been frequently reported in individuals with T1D consuming high amounts of fat. High fat intake has also been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, which is higher in people with diabetes than in healthy subjects. Finally, high fat meals lead to postprandial pro-inflammatory responses through different mechanisms, including gut microbiota modifications. Different fatty acids were proposed to have a specific role in metabolic regulation, however, further investigation is still necessary. In conclusion, available evidence suggests that a high fat intake should be avoided by children and adolescents with T1D, who should be encouraged to adhere to a healthy and balanced diet, as suggested by ISPAD and ADA recommendations. This nutritional choice might be beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk and inflammation.

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Intake and metabolism of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: nutritional implications for cardiometabolic diseases

Cited by 123 publications

References 139 publications

Lipid‐based therapies against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Lipid‐based therapies against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

The FADS1 Genotype Modifies Metabolic Responses to the Linoleic Acid and Alpha‐linolenic Acid Containing Plant Oils–Genotype Based Randomized Trial FADSDIET2

Impact of Fat Intake on Blood Glucose Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

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