Intact soil-core microcosms compared with multi-site field releases for pre-release testing of microbes in diverse soils and climates

Gagliardi, Joel V.; Angle, J. Scott; Germida, James J.; Wyndham, R. Campbell; Chanway, C. P.; Watson, Robert J.; Greer, Charles W.; McIntyre, Terry; Yu, Hans H.; Levin, M. A.; Russek‐Cohen, Estelle; Rosolen, Sarah; Nairn, James D.; Seib, Arlette M.; Martin-Heller, Teresa; Wisse, Gesine

doi:10.1139/cjm-47-3-237

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…kurstaki HD-1 crystalline protein gene into strains of Pseudomonas fl uorescens (Obukowicz et al 1986 ) . Limited fi eld releases of these live microorganisms occurred, though only with strain variants engineered with reporter genes (Kleupfel et al 1991 ;Angle et al 1995 ;Gagliardi et al 2001 ) . EPA questioned the safety of pseudomonads expressing B.t.…”

Section: Historical Regulatory Perspectivementioning

confidence: 97%

Regulation of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms Under FIFRA, FFDCA and TSCA

Wozniak

McClung

Gagliardi

et al. 2012

Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology: The United States and Canada

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Since the dawn of civilization, humans have utilized microbial organisms of various sorts for food and agricultural production. More recently, microbes have been used for pesticidal, and environmental management purposes. With the advent of the development of recombinant DNA technology to genetically alter microbes, it became necessary for Federal regulators to assess the appropriate level, format, and application of their regulatory authorities. In 1986, the Of fi ce of Science and Technology Policy issued the Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology. The Coordinated Framework constituted a comprehensive regulatory policy for biotechnology that, in essence, concluded that no new statutory authorities were necessary to effectuate a robust and ef fi cient regulatory program for the products of biotechnology.

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Section: Historical Regulatory Perspectivementioning

confidence: 97%

Regulation of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms Under FIFRA, FFDCA and TSCA

Wozniak

McClung

Gagliardi

et al. 2012

Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology: The United States and Canada

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“…Microcosms were constructed of 5-cm inner diameter schedule 40 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plumbing pipe, 17.5 cm long, and ¢lled with ¢eld soil as described previously [7]. Microcosms were placed in a greenhouse and watered when necessary to maintain 60% saturation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporary loss of antibiotic resistance by marked bacteria in the rhizosphere of spruce seedlings

Nairn

2002

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Survival and persistence of two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria strains in the rhizosphere of young spruce seedlings were evaluated in field plots and soil microcosms. Bacillus polymyxa strain Pw-2R and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Sw5-RN are spontaneous antibiotic-resistant derivatives of the naturally occurring parental strains B. polymyxa Pw-2 and P. fluorescens Sw5, respectively. Resistance to 200 Wg ml 31 rifamycin in strain Pw-2R, and to 100 Wg ml 31 each of rifamycin and nalidixic acid in Sw5-RN, facilitated monitoring of these bacteria in rhizosphere samples. Strains Pw-2R and Sw5-RN were each inoculated into the rhizosphere of spruce seedlings in field plots as well as in intact soil core microcosms that were incubated under controlled environmental conditions. Bacterial survival data based on the abilities of Pw-2R and Sw5-RN to be re-isolated from rhizosphere samples, and by growing on agar containing antibiotics, were collected over a 2-year period as part of a larger study. The population sizes of both bacterial strains appeared to drop below detection limits by the beginning of the second year as they failed to grow on primary isolation media containing antibiotics. However, strains Pw-2R and Sw5-RN grew on isolation medium with antibiotics if they were first isolated on agar without antibiotics and then replica-plated onto agar media containing antibiotics. A similar temporary loss of antibiotic resistance has been observed with endophytic bacteria, but our results suggest such masking may be of much wider significance than previously thought. If it commonly occurs in rhizosphere colonizing bacteria as well as endophytes, significant underestimates of bacterial population sizes in similar environmental samples may result. ß

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“…One would not expect this feature in any member of that cluster of species. This observation has even been used as a basis for introducing a lac zy marker gene into one such micro-organism as a means of tracing movement in the environment (Gagliardi et al, 2001) since no Pseudomonas found naturally occuring at a release site for this GMM should have that feature and thus be confused with the GMM .…”

Section: Limits To the Ability To Assign Names To Some Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such issues as toxin production or pathogenicity potential are obvious ones for evaluation. Other examples of data may include experience with field releases under controlled conditions or microcosm studies (e.g., Gagliardi et al, 2001) for strains related to the subject organism.…”

Section: Relevance Of Comparison Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, one Pseudomonas having a particularly difficult identification when first reviewed for a release, became a research organism several years after evaluation (Gagliardi et al, 2001). In this case extra effort was applied to get as accurate a name as possible with the tools identification available at the time.…”

Section: Providing a Common Frame Of Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms, Volume 4

2010

Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology

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show abstract

Intact soil-core microcosms compared with multi-site field releases for pre-release testing of microbes in diverse soils and climates

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Regulation of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms Under FIFRA, FFDCA and TSCA

Regulation of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms Under FIFRA, FFDCA and TSCA

Temporary loss of antibiotic resistance by marked bacteria in the rhizosphere of spruce seedlings

Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms, Volume 4

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