Intact, Commercial Lithium-Polymer Batteries: Spatially Resolved Grating-Based Interferometry Imaging, Bragg Edge Imaging, and Neutron Diffraction

Brooks, Adam; Hussey, Daniel S.; Ham, Kyungmin; Jacobson, David L.; Manke, Ingo; Kardjilov, Nikolay; Butler, Leslie G.

doi:10.3390/app12031281

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

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“…NIST has been working on a prototype instrument that is capable of measuring this range of scales. The applications of multi-scale hierarchical characterization by INFER are wide-ranging, for example, measuring samples of civil engineering structures (e.g., cement 8 ), polymers 9 , additive manufacturing 10 , 11 , steels 12 and magnetic domains 13 , chemistry of complex systems (e.g., batteries 14 , 15 and fuel cells 16 , 17 ), and complex hierarchical structures (e.g., wood 18 and bones 19 ) as well as in geology 20 and food science 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-driven simulations for training AI-based segmentation of neutron images

Sathe,

Wolf,

Kim

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Neutron interferometry uniquely combines neutron imaging and scattering methods to enable characterization of multiple length scales from 1 nm to 10 µm. However, building, operating, and using such neutron imaging instruments poses constraints on the acquisition time and on the number of measured images per sample. Experiment time-constraints yield small quantities of measured images that are insufficient for automating image analyses using supervised artificial intelligence (AI) models. One approach alleviates this problem by supplementing annotated measured images with synthetic images. To this end, we create a data-driven simulation framework that supplements training data beyond typical data-driven augmentations by leveraging statistical intensity models, such as the Johnson family of probability density functions (PDFs). We follow the simulation framework steps for an image segmentation task including Estimate PDFs $$\,\rightarrow \,$$ → Validate PDFs $$\,\rightarrow \,$$ → Design Image Masks $$\,\rightarrow \,$$ → Generate Intensities $$\,\rightarrow \,$$ → Train AI Model for Segmentation. Our goal is to minimize the manual labor needed to execute the steps and maximize our confidence in simulations and segmentation accuracy. We report results for a set of nine known materials (calibration phantoms) that were imaged using a neutron interferometer acquiring four-dimensional images and segmented by AI models trained with synthetic and measured images and their masks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-driven simulations for training AI-based segmentation of neutron images

Sathe,

Wolf,

Kim

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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The Complex, Unique, and Powerful Imaging Instrument for Dynamics (CUPI2D) at the Spallation Neutron Source (invited)

Brügger

Bilheux

Lin

et al. 2023

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The Oak Ridge National Laboratory is planning to build the Second Target Station (STS) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). STS will host a suite of novel instruments that complement the First Target Station’s beamline capabilities by offering an increased flux for cold neutrons and a broader wavelength bandwidth. A novel neutron imaging beamline, named the Complex, Unique, and Powerful Imaging Instrument for Dynamics (CUPI2D), is among the first eight instruments that will be commissioned at STS as part of the construction project. CUPI2D is designed for a broad range of neutron imaging scientific applications, such as energy storage and conversion (batteries and fuel cells), materials science and engineering (additive manufacturing, superalloys, and archaeometry), nuclear materials (novel cladding materials, nuclear fuel, and moderators), cementitious materials, biology/medical/dental applications (regenerative medicine and cancer), and life sciences (plant–soil interactions and nutrient dynamics). The innovation of this instrument lies in the utilization of a high flux of wavelength-separated cold neutrons to perform real time in situ neutron grating interferometry and Bragg edge imaging—with a wavelength resolution of δλ/λ ≈ 0.3%—simultaneously when required, across a broad range of length and time scales. This manuscript briefly describes the science enabled at CUPI2D based on its unique capabilities. The preliminary beamline performance, a design concept, and future development requirements are also presented.

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Neutron phase imaging by a Talbot–Lau interferometer at Kyoto University Reactor

Seki,

Shinohara,

Hino

et al. 2023

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We have developed a new neutron phase imaging system with a Talbot–Lau interferometer for utilization at the CN-3 port of the Kyoto University Reactor. To achieve efficient differential-phase imaging and visibility (dark-field) imaging at this beamline, we adopted a relatively shorter design wavelength of 2.7 Å. By fabricating neutron absorption gratings with thick gadolinium absorbers, we were able to obtain clear moiré fringes with a high visibility of 55% for thermal neutrons. As a demonstration of its imaging capabilities for expanded actual utilization in the medium-sized sources, we observed additively manufactured rods of Inconel 718. Using visibility imaging, we successfully examined variations in the size of defects in the rods caused by hot isostatic pressing process. In addition, we conducted tomography measurements of the rods, which allowed us to reveal the spatial distribution of defects at sub-micrometer scales.

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Intact, Commercial Lithium-Polymer Batteries: Spatially Resolved Grating-Based Interferometry Imaging, Bragg Edge Imaging, and Neutron Diffraction

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Data-driven simulations for training AI-based segmentation of neutron images

Data-driven simulations for training AI-based segmentation of neutron images

The Complex, Unique, and Powerful Imaging Instrument for Dynamics (CUPI2D) at the Spallation Neutron Source (invited)

Neutron phase imaging by a Talbot–Lau interferometer at Kyoto University Reactor

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