Intact and Photomodified Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Inhibit Photosynthesis in Natural Assemblages of Lake Erie Phytoplankton Exposed to Solar Radiation

Marwood, Christopher A.; Smith, Ralph E. H.; Solomon, Keith R.; Charlton, Murray N.; Greenberg, Bruce M.

doi:10.1006/eesa.1999.1840

Cited by 61 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…[37,48] The natural freshwater phytoplankton assemblages that were exposed to anthracene under natural solar radiation conditions exhibited concentration-dependent decreases in photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency [48] but only at concentrations (mg L −1 ) that are orders of magnitude greater than those occurring in surface waters. [49] Similar results have been found for the effects of anthracene on Lemna gibba [45] and for the effects of creosote on the aquatic plants Myriophyllum spicatum and Lemna gibba [46,47] and of various PAHs on phytoplankton.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinduced toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, fluoranthene, on the coral, Porites divaricata

Martínez

Romero

Banaszak

2007

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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The synergistic effect of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) was tested on the coral Porites divaricata. Small branches were incubated in different concentrations of fluoranthene followed by exposure to ecologically relevant levels of natural solar radiation, with and without UVR. Exposure to the highest concentration of fluoranthene (60 microg L(- 1)) resulted in decreased photochemical efficiency of corals exposed concomitantly to UVR but not in corals exposed to 60 microg L(- 1) fluoranthene without UVR. After 6 days, most coral samples that were exposed to fluoranthene and UVR bleached or died (78%) on the upper side of the branches. At 60 microg L(- 1) fluoranthene with UVR, 11 out of 12 samples died and the remaining sample bleached, much greater than the number of samples that bleached in manipulation or solvent controls. On the under side of the same samples, where the coral polyps are naturally protected from UVR, 11 out of 12 samples remained healthy and intact. The high UVR doses that shallow water dwelling corals receive combined with the results of this study show that photoinduced toxicity of PAHs is a stress factor that needs to be studied in more detail in coral reef ecosystems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinduced toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, fluoranthene, on the coral, Porites divaricata

Martínez

Romero

Banaszak

2007

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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“…The combined effects of ultraviolet light and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have previously been demonstrated in laboratory experiments for individual, well-characterized aquatic species and specific PAHs at concentrations generally higher than those occurring naturally in surface waters (Huang et al 1993, Marwood et al 1999, Diamond et al 2000. Moreover, the use of a single PAH with 1 species (or even a group of species) is arguably poorly representative of field conditions, which comprise numerous PAHs and PAH-degradation products and ecological assemblages of species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although major hydrocarbon compounds in our WSF (i.e. naphthalene and its analogs) are not considered to be genotoxic, they can induce the production of ROS (which may enhance lipid peroxidation and cause DNA damage: Bagchi et al 1998), following their photosensibilization after bioaccumulation (Marwood et al 1999, Choi & Oris 2000. The highly reactive quinone derivates may also be responsible for the hydrocarbon-induced oxidative stress and toxic manifestation, as they are know to bind covalently to biological membranes (Sikkema et al 1995).…”

Section: Mechanisms and Relevance Of Wsf Addition To Plankton Assemblagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it has been demonstrated that aquatic ecosystems may be impaired through the lightmediated phototoxicity of light polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in the water soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil (Marwood et al 1999). Photoactivation of PAHs by natural irradiance, especially UVBR, is one of the most important routes of their enhanced toxicity in the marine environment (Huang et al 1993.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-synergistic effects of water-soluble crude oil and enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on a natural plankton assemblage

Sargian¹,

Mostajir²,

Chatila³

et al. 2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The present study demonstrates the effects of the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of a crude oil, enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR: 280 to 320 nm), and the combination of WSF and enhanced UVBR on a natural plankton assemblage (<150 μm) isolated from the lower St. Lawrence Estuary. To study the separate and dual effects of WSF and UVBR, 12 microcosms (9 l) were immersed in the water column of larger mesocosms (polyethylene bags; 1800 l), providing 4 treatments, each in triplicate: (1) NUVBR + WSF (natural UVBR with WSF), (2) HUVBR + WSF (enhanced UVBR with WSF), (3) NUVBR (natural UVBR without WSF), and (4) HUVBR (enhanced UVBR without WSF). During 5 d we monitored the incident radiation, WSF and nutrient concentrations, abundance and production of heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton. Strong deleterious effects of WSF and lower effects of UVBR were observed on the phytoplankton assemblage, with a decrease in growth rates accompanied by an increase in mean cell size which reflected a perturbation of the cell division cycle. Using the NUVBR treatement as reference conditions, the above effects resulted in a reduction of 84, 79 and 60% of total abundance of the phytoplankton fraction < 20 μm in the HUVBR + WSF, NUVBR + WSF and HUVBR treatments, respectively. Significant higher values of bacterial abundances were observed in the WSF-added treatments compared to NUVBR without WSF. However, bacterial thymidine incorporation exhibited diel variations, suggesting cumulative UVBR-induced DNA and/or PAHinduced DNA damages, and possible repair mechanisms with the co-occurrence of more available growth substrates from stressed phytoplankton. The absence of significant differences between both WSF-added treatments under the 2 different UVBR conditions suggests that there is no additive interaction between WSF and UVBR. This study provides therefore the first evidence of a non-synergistic interaction between both stresses, and suggests that UVBR-induced effects on marine microorganisms can be completely masked by the strong deleterious effects of soluble petroleum hydrocarbons.KEY WORDS: Ultraviolet radiation · Dissolved hydrocarbons · Non-synergistic effect · Phytoplankton · BacteriaResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…The mechanism of photoinduced toxicity can be generally classified as photosensitization associated with generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and photomodification to more toxic photoproducts [3][4][5][6][7]. The photoinduced toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been well documented [8][9][10][11][12]; however, little information is available concerning other potential contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and theoretical studies on the photoinduced acute toxicity of a series of anthraquinone derivatives towards the water flea (Daphnia magna)

Wang

Chen

et al. 2009

Dyes and Pigments

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Intact and Photomodified Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Inhibit Photosynthesis in Natural Assemblages of Lake Erie Phytoplankton Exposed to Solar Radiation

Cited by 61 publications

References 26 publications

Photoinduced toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, fluoranthene, on the coral, Porites divaricata

Photoinduced toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, fluoranthene, on the coral, Porites divaricata

Non-synergistic effects of water-soluble crude oil and enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on a natural plankton assemblage

Experimental and theoretical studies on the photoinduced acute toxicity of a series of anthraquinone derivatives towards the water flea (Daphnia magna)

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