Intact and impaired conceptual memory processes in amnesia.

Keane, Margaret M.; Gabrieli, John D. E.; Monti, Laura A.; Fleischman, Debra; Cantor, James M.; Noland, Julia S.

doi:10.1037/0894-4105.11.1.59

Cited by 55 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The measure of priming is how much more often than at baseline participants provide studied exemplars. Category-exemplar production priming is well documented as being conceptual and not perceptual (e.g., Keane et al, 1997;Monti et al, 1996;Srinivas & Roediger, 1990;Vaidya et al, 1997). This kind of priming is dissociable from explicit retrieval by virtue of its being intact in global amnesia Keane et al, 1997) and unaffected by age-related changes in memory that reduce category-cued recall (Light & Albertson, 1989;Monti et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That explicit memory deficit did not prevent normal priming on the picture-naming and categoryexemplar verification tasks. Further, amnesic patients with comparable explicit memory deficits and medial-temporal pathologies have repeatedly shown normal priming on two tasks on which AD patients were impaired: word-stem completion Warrington & Weiskrantz, 1970) and categoryexemplar production Keane et al, 1997).…”

Section: Ad and The Identification-production Distinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conceptual priming is often enhanced by conceptual elaboration at study (e.g., Keane et al, 1997;Monti et al, 1996;Srinivas & Roediger, 1990;Vaidya et al, 1997) and is often intact in global amnesia (e.g., Keane et al, 1997;Shimamura & Squire, 1984;Vaidya, Gabrieli, Keane, & Monti, 1995). Perceptual and conceptual forms of priming are often dissociable because modality and notation manipulations affect perceptual but not conceptual priming, whereas manipulation of conceptual encoding affects conceptual but not perceptual priming.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Convergent behavioral and neuropsychological evidence for a distinction between identification and production forms of repetition priming.

Gabrieli¹,

Vaidya²,

Stone³

et al. 1999

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Four experiments examined a distinction between kinds of repetition priming which involve either the identification of the form or meaning of a stimulus or the production of a response on the basis of a cue. Patients with Alzheimer's disease had intact priming on picture-naming and category-exemplar identification tasks and impaired priming on word-stem completion and category-exemplar production tasks. Division of study-phase attention in healthy participants reduced priming on word-stem completion and category-exemplar production tasks but not on picture-naming and category-exemplar identification tasks. The parallel dissociations in normal and abnormal memory cannot be explained by implicit-explicit or perceptual-conceptual distinctions but are explained by an identification-production distinction. There may be separable cognitive and neural bases for implicit modulation of identification and production forms of knowledge.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ad and The Identification-production Distinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Convergent behavioral and neuropsychological evidence for a distinction between identification and production forms of repetition priming.

Gabrieli¹,

Vaidya²,

Stone³

et al. 1999

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

Self Cite

125

224

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“…Effective connectivity analyses might also provide relevant evidence. However, compelling dissociations between conceptual priming and explicit memory have been provided by neuropsychological studies in amnesic patients (Graf et al 1985;Vaidya et al 1995;Keane et al 1997;Levy et al 2004). Research that might verify such dissociations in healthy individuals by directly examining putative functional relationships can now be pursued by making use of neural correlates of memory as characterized in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of conceptual implicit memory and their contamination of putative neural correlates of explicit memory

Voss

Paller²

2007

Learn. Mem.

113

109

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During episodic recognition tests, meaningful stimuli such as words can engender both conscious retrieval (explicit memory) and facilitated access to meaning that is distinct from the awareness of remembering (conceptual implicit memory). Neuroimaging investigations of one type of memory are frequently subject to the confounding influence of the other type of memory, thus posing a serious impediment to theoretical advances in this area. We used minimalist visual shapes (squiggles) to attempt to overcome this problem. Subjective ratings of squiggle meaningfulness varied idiosyncratically, and behavioral indications of conceptual implicit memory were evident only for stimuli given higher ratings. These effects did not result from perceptual-based fluency or from explicit remembering. Distinct event-related brain potentials were associated with conceptual implicit memory and with explicit memory by virtue of contrasts based on meaningfulness ratings and memory judgments, respectively. Frontal potentials from 300 to 500 msec after the onset of repeated squiggles varied systematically with perceived meaningfulness. Explicit memory was held constant in this contrast, so these potentials were taken as neural correlates of conceptual implicit memory. Such potentials can contaminate putative neural correlates of explicit memory, in that they are frequently attributed to the expression of explicit memory known as familiarity. These findings provide the first neural dissociation of these two memory phenomena during recognition testing and underscore the necessity of taking both types of memory into account in order to obtain valid neural correlates of specific memory functions.

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“…However, findings of intact conceptual priming in amnesia are not strong evidence against the idea that conceptual priming and recognition memory are related, because virtually all the memory-impaired patients tested to date have some residual declarative memory. When patients have intact conceptual priming and impaired, albeit above-chance recognition memory scores, conceptual priming could support some or all of the residual capacity for recognition.It is also true that not all studies have found intact conceptual priming in amnesia (Cermak, Hill, & Wong, 1998;Keane et al, 1997). However, in these cases, it is difficult to know whether the control participants may have outperformed the patients because they engaged in conscious (declarative) memory strategies (Schacter & Buckner, 1998;Vaidya, Gabrieli, Demb, Keane, & Wetzel, 1996).…”

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confidence: 95%

Intact Conceptual Priming in the Absence of Declarative Memory

2004

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Priming is an unconscious (nondeclarative) form of memory whereby identification or production of an item is improved by an earlier encounter. It has been proposed that declarative memory and priming might be related-for example, that conceptual priming results in more fluent processing, thereby providing a basis for familiarity judgments. In two experiments, we assessed conceptual priming and recognition memory across a 5-min interval in 5 memory-impaired patients. All patients exhibited fully intact priming in tests of both free association (study tent; at test, provide an association to canvas) and category verification (study lemon; at test, decide: Is lemon a type of fruit?). Yet the 2 most severely amnesic patients performed at chance on matched tests of recognition memory. These findings count against the notion that conceptual priming provides feelings of familiarity that can support accurate recognition judgments. We suggest that priming is inaccessible to conscious awareness and does not influence declarative memory.Declarative memory supports the capacity for conscious recollection of facts and events and can be contrasted with a collection of non-declarative memory abilities, including habits and skills, simple forms of conditioning, and other ways by which experience can change how people interact with the world (Milner, Squire, & Kandel, 1998). One well-studied example of nondeclarative memory is the phenomenon of priming, whereby an encounter with an item improves the ability to identify or produce the same item (perceptual priming) or a related item (conceptual or semantic priming;Schacter & Buckner, 1998;Tulving & Schacter, 1990).There has been extended exploration of the possibility that priming and declarative memory might be related in some way. For example, it has been proposed that recognition memory may be supported in part by the fluency with which items are processed. That is, priming may result in improved, more fluent processing that provides a basis for judging items as familiar (Jacoby & Dallas, 1981;Verfaellie & Keane, 2002;Yonelinas, Regehr, & Jacoby, 1995). This idea has been addressed most thoroughly in the case of perceptual (or repetition) priming, which is demonstrated in tasks such as word identification and word-stem completion. In perceptual priming, a specific perceptual operation is enhanced, and the priming effect does not depend on carrying out semantic or elaborative encoding at the time of study. Three studies are particularly relevant to this issue. First, in undergraduate volunteers, familiarity judgments and repetition priming (word identification or word-stem completion) were affected differently by manipulations of perceptual and conceptual processing. Thus, recognition and repetition priming were sharply dissociable (Wagner, Gabrieli, & Verfaellie, 1997). Second, the severely amnesic patient E.P. was fully intact at perceptual priming, despite performing at chance on matched tests of recognition memory (Hamann & Squire, 1997). Third, in five additional e...

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Intact and impaired conceptual memory processes in amnesia.

Cited by 55 publications

References 40 publications

Convergent behavioral and neuropsychological evidence for a distinction between identification and production forms of repetition priming.

Convergent behavioral and neuropsychological evidence for a distinction between identification and production forms of repetition priming.

Neural correlates of conceptual implicit memory and their contamination of putative neural correlates of explicit memory

Intact Conceptual Priming in the Absence of Declarative Memory

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